Musculoskeletal Disorders - A CIS Bibliography

CIS 07-491
Resource manual for the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario (FR: Manuel de ressources des lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario). Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario. MSD Prevention Series Part 2. Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 71p. Illus. 33 ref. PDF document. In English, French. (106499).
EN: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario_resource_manual.pdf FR: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Manuel_resources_fr.pdf
The primary purpose of this resource manual is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with more detailed information and advice on how to implement the generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders that is described in the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario (see CIS 07-490). Further guidance is given on each of the issues addressed in the Guideline: MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding and recognition of MSD hazards; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results.
Descriptors (primary): Ontario; health programmes; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; programme evaluation; safety guides; workers' participation.

CIS 07-490
MSD prevention guideline for Ontario (FR: Lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario). Occupational Health and safety Council of Ontario. MSD Prevention Series Part 1. Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 29p. Illus. 9 ref. PDF document. In English, French. (106498).
EN: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario.pdf FR: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Lignes_directrices.pdf
The primary purpose of this guide is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with information and advice on a recommended generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. Contents: definition of MSD; MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding MSD hazards (forces on the body, awkward posture, repetition); recognizing MSD hazards and related concerns; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results. See CIS 07-491 for the resource manual accompanying this guide.
Descriptors (primary): Ontario; health programmes; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; programme evaluation; safety guides; workers' participation.

CIS 07-487
Good practice guidelines for the prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders within the telecommunications sector (DE: Verhaltenskodex zur Vorbeugung von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen im Telekommunikationssektor, FR: Guide de bonnes pratiques pour la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans le secteur des télécommunications, PT: Directrizes de boas práticas para a prevenção de pertubações músculo-esqueléticas no sector das telecomunicações). UNI-Europa Telecom. Internet document, [ca 2006]. 31p. Illus. In English, French, German, Portuguese. (106416).
DE: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_DE.pdf EN: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_EN.pdf FR: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_FR.pdf PT: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_PT.pdf
Contents of these guidelines for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) within the telecommunications sector: general principles for the prevention of MSDs; conceptual model for MSDs; work organization; manual handling; work in awkward postures; vibration; repetitive work; display screen equipment; physical and psychosocial issues; specific work activities and tasks in the telecommunications sector associated with the risk of MSDs.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; safe working methods; telecommunications. Descriptors (secondary): construction sites; ergonomics; hand-arm vibration; man-computer interfaces; manual handling; personal protective equipment; visual display terminals; whole-body vibration; work at height; work organization; work posture.

CIS 07-486
Chatigny C., Balleux A., Martin M., Grenier J.: Exploratory study of training and learning dynamics: Task learning and the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in three companies in the poultry industry (FR: Etude exploratoire des dynamiques de formation et d'apprentissage - Apprentissage des tâches et prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans trois entreprises du secteur avicole). Etudes et Recherches R-464. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006. vi, 70p. 52 ref. Price: CAD 10.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 978-2-89631-049-4. In French. (106444).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-464.pdf
The objective of this study was to examine the dynamics surrounding training and learning for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among poultry industry workers. Data were obtained from video recordings of interviews with trainers, trainees and those responsible for training. Data analysis revealed the importance of relationship dynamics and the role of trainers. The study provided an understanding of the situation in the food industry and determined the obstacles and the factors favouring the implementation of a dynamic for the promotion of safe working methods.
Descriptors (primary): food industry; musculoskeletal diseases; safety training in industry. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; report; safe working methods.

CIS 07-475
Engkvist I.L.: Evaluation of an intervention comprising a no lifting policy in Australian hospitals. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), Mar. 2006, Vol.37, No.2, p.141-148. 52 ref. In English. (106261).
The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the use of transfer equipment, the number of injuries, pain symptoms and absence from work among nurses after the intervention of a "no lifting policy" at a hospital, compared with nurses at two control hospitals. A comprehensive questionnaire was used for data collection. Results show that at the hospital where the policy had been introduced, the nurses used the transfer equipment regularly. They had significantly fewer back injuries, pain symptoms and absence from work due to musculoskeletal disorders compared with nurses at the control hospitals. The study showed strong evidence for supporting the implementation of a no lifting policy.
Descriptors (primary): Australia; health programmes; hospitals; lifting of loads; manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; ergonomics; health care personnel; lifting appliances; programme evaluation; questionnaire survey.

CIS 07-473
Evanoff B.: Ergonomic intervention studies among health care personnel (FR: Etudes d'intervention ergonomique chez les soignants). DMT 106 TF148. Documents pour le médecin du travail (ISSN 0339-6517), 2nd Quarter 2006, No.106, p.187-194. 5 ref. In French. (106328).
FR: http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20148/$File/TF148.pdf
This article provides a review of a seminar held in Saint-Maurice, France, in March 2005 on ergonomic intervention studies aimed at reducing occupational musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) among health care personnel. Topics addressed: methodological aspects of the design of ergonomic studies on MSDs; why the frequency of MSDs among health care personnel is high, and possible role of ergonomic interventions; brief overview of ergonomic intervention studies among health care personnel carried out in St Louis, United States, including in particular the adoption of patient lifting equipment.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; health care personnel; manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): France; USA; conference; ergonomics; hospitals; lifting equipment.

CIS 07-472
Smith D.R., Mihashi M., Adachi Y., Koga H., Ishitake T.: A detailed analysis of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors among Japanese nurses. Journal of Safety Research (ISSN 0022-4375), 2006, Vol.37, No.2, p.195-200. 16 ref. In English. (106266).
A Japanese language version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was administered to 1,162 nurses from a large teaching hospital. The response rate was 73%. The 12-month period prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was 85.5%. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and having children were shown to be significant risk factors, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.87, 2.45 and 2.53, respectively. Workplace risk factors included manually handling patients (OR 2.07 to 11.97) and undertaking physically laborious work (OR 2.09 to 2.76). Nurses reporting pre menstrual tension were 1.66 and 1.94 times more likely to suffer from lower and upper back MSDs, respectively. High mental pressure was also identified as a significant risk factor for MSD of the neck (OR 1.53) and shoulder (OR 2.07). It is concluded that remediation strategies that focus only on manual handling are not sufficient. More emphasis needs to be placed on job satisfaction, work organization, and occupational stress.
Descriptors (primary): Japan; health care personnel; hospitals; musculoskeletal diseases; nursing personnel; risk factors; women. Descriptors (secondary): alcoholism; backache; job dissatisfaction; manual handling; neck disorders; non-occupational factors; physical workload; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; smoking; stress factors.

CIS 07-446
Mason S., Williams D.: Assess all areas. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), June 2006, Vol.24, No.6, p.56-58. Illus. 2 ref. In English. (106385).
This article outlines the advantages of body-mapping over other approaches for assessing the risks and managing the workloads of individuals experiencing symptoms of, or receiving treatment for, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). It comments on the Health and Safety Executive's manual handling guide (see CIS 06-17) and a study undertaken by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health based on the Owaco Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS, see CIS 93-1508) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA, see CIS 95-365) survey methods.
Descriptors (primary): body mechanics; ergonomic evaluation; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): description of technique; hazard evaluation; risk factors; symptoms; upper extremities.

CIS 07-445
Denis D., St-Vincent M., Imbeau D., Trudeau R.: Stock management influence on manual materials handling in two warehouse superstores. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Mar. 2006, Vol.36, No.3, p.191-201. Illus. 26 ref. In English. (106271).
The objective of this ergonomic study was to better understand the impact of stock management practices on manual materials handling activities of warehouse superstore employees. It was carried out in two warehouse superstores of a leading company in the retail sector that specializes in office supplies. Close attention was paid to the interaction between stock volume, its movements on the sales floor and the available storage space. Results indicate that an imbalance between the amount of stock and the available storage space results in the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, increased risks of accidents and lower productivity and quality of service due to time wasted, stock losses and customer dissatisfaction. Various recommendations are made to address these issues.
Descriptors (primary): manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; warehouses; work posture. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; ergonomic evaluation; falls of persons; job study; loading and unloading; safe layout; speed of work; storage; work at height.

CIS 07-342
Gazsi M., Renard V.: MSDs, scourge of the 21st century? (FR: Les TMS, fléau du XXIe siècle?). Prévention BTP (ISSN 1287-7778), Oct. 2006, No.89, p.37-47. Illus. In French. (106459).
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) account for two-thirds of occupational diseases in France. This special feature discusses the prevention of MSDs in the construction industry. Contents: statistical highlights concerning MSDs in the construction industry in France; implementation of prevention measures; use of elevating platforms for limiting uncomfortable postures; opinion of an occupational physician specializing in MSDs.
Descriptors (primary): France; construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; elevating platforms; industrial physicians; location of injury; mobile platforms; risk factors; statistical trends; work posture.

CIS 07-331
Musculoskeletal diseases in Europe - Definitions and statistical data (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques en Europe - Définitions et données statistiques). EUROGIP, 55 rue de la Fédération, 75015 Paris, France, Mar. 2006. 10p. Internet document. In French. (106433).
FR: http://www.eurogip.fr/docs/TMS-FR-mars-06.pdf
This review of definitions and statistical data concerning musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was compiled from various documents published by the European Union and its Member States. In recent years, there has been an overall increase in the number of persons suffering from MSDs in Europe. However, there are wide differences between those States that appear to have contained the phenomenon and even witnessed a significant decrease in the number of cases, and those that are currently experiencing a real epidemic.
Descriptors (primary): European Union; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): comparative study; frequency rates; statistical trends.

CIS 07-322
Hartman E., Oude Vrielink H.H.E., Huirne R.B.M., Metz J.H.M.: Risk factors for sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders among self-employed Dutch farmers: A case-control study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), Mar. 2006, Vol.49, No.3, p.204-214. Illus. 39 ref. In English. (106277).
The objective of this case-control study was to identify and quantify risk factors for sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders among self-employed Dutch farmers. Risk factors for sick leave claimed between 1998 and 2001 for back or neck/shoulder/upper extremity disorders from 198 and 89 subjects respectively were analysed and compared to 816 controls who did not file any claim in this period. It was concluded that the prevention of sick leave among self-employed farmers should focus on life style (obesity, smoking), reducing physical workload among older farmers and reducing long-term tractor driving. Specific attention should be paid to farmers in contact with animals and to mushroom farmers.
Descriptors (primary): agriculture; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; sickness absenteeism. Descriptors (secondary): Netherlands; age-linked differences; backache; case-control study; livestock rearing; mushroom farming; neck disorders; obesity; older workers; physical workload; smoking; tractors; upper extremity disorders; whole-body vibration.

CIS 07-218
da Silva M.C., Fassa A.G., Kriebel D.: Musculoskeletal pain in ragpickers in a southern city in Brazil. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), May 2006, Vol.49, No.5, p.327-336. Illus. 37 ref. In English. (106066).
Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely precarious. This case-control study examined ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain in a sample of ragpickers of a city in southern Brazil. It involved 455 ragpickers and 455 matched referents from the same poor neighbourhoods. Data were collected by means of interviews and musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Questionnaire. Ragpickers reported higher prevalences for most awkward postures and ergonomic exposures compared to controls with other demanding manual jobs. However the prevalence within the previous 12 months of low back pain, lower extremity pain and upper extremity pain were similar for both groups, and both groups reported higher ergonomic exposures and more prevalent low back pain than the general population (49% vs. 35% respectively).
Descriptors (primary): Brazil; informal sector; musculoskeletal diseases; recycling of materials. Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; ergonomics; lower extremity disorders; questionnaire survey; subjective assessment; upper extremity disorders; work posture.

CIS 07-116
Schwartz G.: Classical musicians - Fine tuning of occupational safety and health (FR: Musiciens classiques - Bien orchestrer la prévention). Travail et sécurité (ISSN 0373-1944), June 2006, No.663, p.3-9. Illus. 7 ref. In French. (106136).
FR: http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/ArchivesTS/ArchivesTS.nsf/(allDocParRef)/TS663page2_1/$File/TS663page2.pdf?OpenElement
Classical musicians, and particularly those playing in an orchestra, often suffer from diseases related to their occupation. The main risks are of musculoskeletal diseases due to prolonged awkward postures or repetitive movements and hearing loss due to prolonged exposure to noise. Stress can be an aggravating factor. This article discusses the occupational hazards faced by classical musicians and their means of prevention. Forthcoming legislation based on the Noise Directive will require employers to carry out an exposure evaluation and provide personal protective equipment. The legislation will be applicable in 2006 in most sectors, and will also apply to the music and entertainment sectors after a two-year transition period.
Descriptors (primary): health hazards; hearing loss; musculoskeletal diseases; musicians. Descriptors (secondary): France; comment on directive; exposure evaluation; hearing protection; legislation; noise level measurement; repetitive strain injury; repetitive work; responsibilities of employers; stress factors; work posture.

CIS 06-1488
Chicoine D., Tellier C., St-Vincent M.: Work involving varied tasks: An ergonomic analysis process for MSD prevention (FR: Le travail à tâches variées - Une démarche d'analyse ergonomique pour la prévention des TMS). Etudes et Recherches RG-457. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006.60p. Illus. Price: CAD 21.20. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-89631-036-3. In French. (105998).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/RG-457.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1488.pdf
Varied long-cycle tasks constitute a common method of work, but, as with repetitive tasks, they may cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). While tools exist for analysing short-cycle repetitive tasks, none exists for the analysis of varied tasks. The objective of this guide is to enable persons responsible for occupational safety and health to study such work situations using an ergonomic analysis process. It presents the context for applying this process, explains each of the steps in the work analysis and sets out the advantages and limitations of the approach. This new tool also responds to the need for expertise and training in MSD prevention.
Descriptors (primary): Quebec; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; work organization. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; conditions of work; job study; report.

CIS 06-1478
Woods V., Buckle P.: Musculoskeletal ill health amongst cleaners and recommendations for work organizational change. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Jan. 2006, Vol.36, No.1, p.61-72. 57 ref. In English. (105769).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1478.pdf
The findings from an investigation into the musculoskeletal health of cleaners in the United Kingdom are presented. Questionnaire surveys of 1216 cleaners, 130 assessments of cleaning tasks and interviews with 38 cleaners working in various types of premises (hospitals, schools, government agencies, enterprises) were undertaken to identify potential risk factors for musculoskeletal ill health. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed related to work scheduling, work practices, teamwork, reporting systems for musculoskeletal ill heath, procedures for risk assessment; training programmes, equipment selection and maintenance procedures.
Descriptors (primary): cleaning; domestic and related helpers, cleaners; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work organization. Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; educational institutions; hospitals; questionnaire survey; work posture.

CIS 06-1237
Proceedings of a meeting to explore the use of ergonomics interventions for the mechanical and electrical trades. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-119. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2006. xvi, 137p. Illus. 85 ref. In English. (105667).
EN: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2006-119/pdfs/2006-119.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1237.pdf
Proceedings of a meeting to explore the use of ergonomics interventions for the mechanical and electrical trades held in San Jose, California, USA, 25-26 February 2002. Topics covered include: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and soft tissue injuries in the mechanical and electrical trades; interventions currently used to control risk factors for these disorders; developing and implementing ergonomic interventions.
Descriptors (primary): construction work; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): conference; design of equipment; economic aspects; installation of pipe systems; materials handling; plumbing; sheet-metal working; work posture.

CIS 06-582
Fouquet B., Hérisson C. (eds): Ageing of workers and musculoskeletal disorders (FR: Vieillissement des salariés et troubles musculo-squelettiques). Collection de Pathologie Locomotrice et de Médecine Orthopédique n°57. Masson S.A.S., 21 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 92789 Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex 9, France, 2006. xii, 117p. Illus. Bibl. ref. ISBN: 2-294-07140-9. In French. (105132).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0582.pdf
This collection of papers by specialists in a range of disciplines addresses the characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders among older workers. Papers are presented under the following headings: epidemiological and economic aspects; clinical and therapeutic considerations; and rehabilitation and reinsertion. Each paper includes a summary in English.
Descriptors (primary): ageing; musculoskeletal diseases; older workers. Descriptors (secondary): France; backache; epidemiological aspects; handicapped workers; legal aspects; physical workload; rehabilitation; spinal column; statistics; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 07-101
Douillet P., Schweitzer J.M. (eds): Conditions for sustainable prevention of MSDs (FR: Les conditions d'une prévention durable des TMS). Agence Nationale pour l'Amélioration des Conditions de Travail, 4, quai des Etroits, 69321 Lyon Cedex 05, France, Mar. 2005. 123p. Illus. Bibl.ref. In French. (106173).
FR: http://www.anact.fr/pls/portal/docs/1/14128.PDF
Proceedings of a seminar on the sustainable prevention of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) held in Paris, France, on 7-8 July 2004. Presentations cover the following main areas: development of an approach to the sustainable prevention of MSDs; comments based on practical experience; opposing views.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; work organization. Descriptors (secondary): France; conference; ergonomics; labour-management relations.

CIS 06-1479
East J., Sood D.: Ergonomic guidelines for selecting hand and power tools. Occupational Hazards (ISSN 0029-7909), Dec. 2005, Vol.67, No.12, p.39-41. Illus. In English. (105852).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1479.pdf
Advances in tools have created new challenges involving the complex interactions between users and their tools. Improper hand tool selection has been known to result in unreliable quality of work and decreased efficiency and productivity. Using the wrong tool or using the right tool incorrectly can cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which consist of injuries to the muscles, tendons, joints and nerves that usually manifest over a period of time and can affect a variety of body parts. This article discusses the risk factors of WMSDs associated with the use of hand tools, which include awkward wrist and hand postures, static muscle loading, mechanical stress, vibration, noise, torque, temperature and pinch points. By eliminating or minimizing exposure to these risk factors, the risk of WMSDs for workers is reduced.
Descriptors (primary): electric tools; ergonomics; hand tools; musculoskeletal diseases; selection of equipment. Descriptors (secondary): design of equipment; hand; muscular strength; noise; vibration; work posture; wrist.

CIS 06-1356
Smith D.R., Choe M.A., Jeon M.Y., Chae Y.R., An G.J., Jeong J.S.: Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms among Korean hospital nurses. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2005, Vol.11, No.4, p.431-440. 42 ref. In English. (105753).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1356.pdf
This study investigated the epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among a sample of 330 nurses from a large Korean hospital, by means of a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of MSS at any body site was 93.6%, with symptoms most commonly reported at the shoulder (74.5%), lower back (72.4%), neck (62.7%), lower legs (52.1%) and hand/wrist (46.7%). Logistic regression indicated that nurses who undertook manual handling of patients were 7.2 times as likely to report MSS, while nurses suffering from periodic depression experienced a 3.3 fold MSS risk. Overall, the study suggests that Korean nurses incur a very high MSS burden when compared internationally. A greater commitment is needed to improve physical conditions and psychosocial work issues among nurses in the country.
Descriptors (primary): hospitals; musculoskeletal diseases; nursing personnel. Descriptors (secondary): Korea, Republic of; backache; depressive neurosis; frequency rates; hand; lower extremities; manual handling; neck disorders; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; stress factors; symptoms; women.

CIS 06-1236
St-Vincent M., Denis D., Trudeau R., Imbeau D.: Retail business - Phase II: Ergonomic analysis of materials handling and customer service activities in warehouse superstores (FR: Commerce de détail - Phase II : Analyse ergonomique des activités de manutention et de service à la clientèle dans des magasins-entrepôts de grande surface). Etudes et recherches R-441. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. viii, 109p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: CAD 10.70. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-89631-017-7. In French. (105569).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-441.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1236.pdf
Studies indicate that workers in warehouse superstores are at risk of back pain related to materials handling activities. This study follows an earlier project carried out in a large warehouse store (see CIS 04-730), which produced a diagnostic model describing the main physical and psychosocial risk factors. The aim of the current project was to enhance this model in order to identify aspects specific to each type of store and those that can be generalized to businesses in this category. It was carried out in the form of job studies at six branches of a large chain of warehouse stores in Quebec. Findings are discussed, and several recommendations aimed at improving ergonomics and working conditions are proposed.
Descriptors (primary): Quebec; backache; materials handling; musculoskeletal diseases; warehouses. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; conditions of work; diagnosis; ergonomics; glossary; job study; report; risk factors.

CIS 06-984
Cail F., Aptel M.: Upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases - Risk factors in computer assisted design (CAD) and data entry (FR: Troubles musculosquelettiques du membre supérieur - Facteurs de risque en conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) et en saisie). DMT 104 TF 145. Documents pour le médecin du travail (ISSN 0339-6517), 3rd Quarter 2005, No.104, p.485-491. Illus. 26 ref. In French. (105327).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0984.pdf FR: http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20145/$File/TF145.pdf
This article describes the results of a study on risk factors for upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) in two types of computer work, namely computer-assisted design (CAD) and data entry. The study involved 30 male CAD workers and 26 female data entry workers. Data were collected by ergonomic analysis of activities, a questionnaire survey of symptoms, stress and psychosocial factors and biomechanical measurements. The level of complaints concerning MSDs was similar in both groups; there were more complaints for the right upper extremity than for the left. Complaints were related to anxiety in both groups and to time pressures in the CAD group. Results indicate the importance of the work context in workers' perception of their state of health.
Descriptors (primary): computer aided design; keyboard operations; musculoskeletal diseases; upper extremity disorders. Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; ergonomic evaluation; man-computer interfaces; mental workload; questionnaire survey; risk factors; sex-linked differences; speed of work; stress factors; subjective assessment.

CIS 06-980
David G.C.: Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational Medicine (ISSN 0962-7480), May 2005, Vol.55, No.3, p.190-199. 70 ref. In English. (105379).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0980.pdf
This literature review describes the range of methods that have been developed for the assessment of exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The methods are categorized under three main headings: self-reports from workers; observational methods that include simple techniques for systematically recording workplace exposure or more advanced techniques using video recording or computer analysis; direct measurements using monitoring instruments that rely on sensors attached to the subject for the measurement of exposure variables at work. The choice of method depends on the task and the objectives of the study.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; exposure evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): computer applications; job study; literature survey; posture recording; subjective assessment.

CIS 06-979
Wahlström J.: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work. Occupational Medicine (ISSN 0962-7480), May 2005, Vol.55, No.3, p.168-176. Illus. 105 ref. In English. (105378).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0979.pdf
This literature review summarizes knowledge regarding ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders associated with computer work. A model of musculoskeletal disorders and computer work is proposed, which emphasizes the associations between work organization, psychosocial factors and mental stress on the one hand and physical demands and physical load on the other. It is hypothesized that perceived muscular tension is an early sign of musculoskeletal disorder, which arises as a result of organizational and psychosocial factors as well as from physical load and individual factors. Interventions aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders due to computer work should be directed at physical, ergonomic, organizational and psychosocial factors. Interventions should be carried out with management support and the active involvement of workers.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; man-computer interfaces; musculoskeletal diseases; psychology of work organization. Descriptors (secondary): conditions of work; literature survey; mental stress; muscle contractor activity; work organization; work posture.

CIS 06-977
Rocha L.E., Glina D.M.R., Marinho M.F., Nakasato D.: Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call center operators of a bank in São Paulo, Brazil. Industrial Health (ISSN 0019-8366), Oct. 2005, Vol.43, No.4, p.637-646. 21 ref. In English. (105354).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0977.pdf EN: http://www.h.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/2005/pdf/43-4-4.pdf
This study investigated risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call centre operators. Ergonomic work analysis was carried out, involving work observation and interviews. A total of 108 employees, mainly women, submitted self-administered questionnaires. Among female operators, the prevalence of symptoms of the neck and shoulder was 43% and of the wrist and hand was 39%. Risk factors associated with wrist and hand symptoms included inadequate height of table and answering more that 140 calls day. Risk factors associated with neck and shoulder symptoms were taking fewer rest breaks and inadequate thermal comfort.
Descriptors (primary): call centres; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; women. Descriptors (secondary): Brazil; cervicobrachial syndrome; equipment layout; hand; mental workload; questionnaire survey; shoulder; speed of work; stress factors; subjective assessment; symptoms; thermal environment; workbreaks; wrist.

CIS 06-806
Palliser C.R., Firth H.M., Feyer A.M., Paulin S.M.: Musculoskeletal discomfort and work-related stress in New Zealand dentists. Work and Stress (ISSN 0267-8373), Oct.-Dec. 2005, Vol.19, No.4, p.351-359. 49 ref. In English. (105391).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0806.pdf
This cross-sectional questionnaire survey on stressors, psychological distress and musculoskeletal symptoms was carried out among a random sample of 413 New Zealand dentists. The average age of the dentists was 43 years, with 74% being male. The annual prevalence of symptoms was 63% for both the lower back and the neck and 49% for the shoulders. Older dentists were no more likely to suffer musculoskeletal discomfort than younger dentists. The most cited dentistry-specific stressor was "patients having a medical emergency", while "mental demands" was the most cited general work-related stressor. One-fifth of the dentists scored highly for psychological disturbance, which was very similar to the general population. Dentists with high scores for dentistry-specific work-related stressors were more likely to have evidence of psychological disturbance.
Descriptors (primary): New Zealand; dental services; musculoskeletal diseases; stress factors. Descriptors (secondary): backache; cross-sectional study; mental health; mental stress; mental workload; neck disorders; neuropsychic stress; questionnaire survey; shoulder.

CIS 06-802
Butterfill C.: Nursing the invisible wounds. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), Sep. 2005, Vol.23, No.9, p.56-58. Illus. 3 ref. In English. (105270).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0802.pdf
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) represent the most important cause of self-reported illness in the United Kingdom. In 2003-2004, approximately 1.1 million persons believed that they suffered from MSDs caused or exacerbated by their present or past work, while in the European Union, as many as 40 million workers are believed to be affected by MSDs. Topics addressed by this article on MSDs caused by occupational factors: number of persons affected and resulting costs; why MSDs occur; developing an enterprise MSD policy; risk factors; controlling the risks (job rotation, warm-up exercises for workers involved in manual handling tasks, training and instruction, role of management).
Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; musculoskeletal diseases; plant safety and health organization. Descriptors (secondary): European Union; economic aspects; manual handling; physical fitness programmes; risk factors; role of management; transfer to other work.

CIS 06-797
Waters T., Genaidy A., Deddens J., Barriera-Viruet H.: Lower back disorders among forklift operators: An emerging occupational health problem?. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), Apr. 2005, Vol.47, No.4, p.333-340. Illus. 18 ref. In English. (105393).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0797.pdf
Most studies focusing on the occupational hazards associated with forklift operation have examined risks of fatalities and traumatic injuries. Few studies have examined the magnitude of risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This literature survey reviews epidemiological studies conducted on forklift operators in relation to MSDs. Findings suggest that forklift operators are at increased risk of lower back pain. Further studies are needed, however, to determine the magnitude of risk both for lower back pain and for neck pain. Furthermore, a full exposure assessment of physical and non-physical factors is needed.
Descriptors (primary): backache; drivers; fork-lift trucks; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): epidemiological aspects; exposure evaluation; literature survey.

CIS 06-728
Ménard P., Béchard D.: Active micropauses: An efficient preventive measure! (FR: Les micropauses actives: une prévention efficace!). Travail et santé (ISSN 0829-0369), Sep. 2005, Vol.21, No.3, p.47-48. Illus. 5 ref. In French. (105035).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0728.pdf
Micropauses consist of short periods of rest following a certain time or amount worked. Active micropauses involve moving or stretching during micropauses. The main beneficial effect of active micropauses is the reduced risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders or discomfort. The length of a micropause should be at least 20 to 30 seconds, and micropauses should be taken every 20 to 30 minutes. They need to be suited to the specifics of the tasks and the individuals. For visually-demanding tasks, ocular micropauses that involve focusing on a distant point for 30 seconds at regular intervals are advised. The article summarizes the findings of a study confirming the beneficial effects of a software application that encourages users of computers to follow micropauses.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; office work; workbreaks. Descriptors (secondary): visual fatigue; visual tasks; work posture.

CIS 06-724
Holmström E., Ahlborg B.: Morning warming-up exercise - Effects on musculoskeletal fitness in construction workers. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), July 2005, Vol.36, No.4, p.513-519. 30 ref. In English. (105229).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0724.pdf
This study investigated the effects of a three-month programme of 10-min warming-up exercises performed every morning by building site workers. Thirty workers participated in the programme and 17 construction workers at other building sites served as controls. Muscle stretchability, joint flexibility, muscle strength and endurance were measured before and after the programme. The results indicate that a short dose of morning warming-up exercise could be beneficial for increasing or maintaining joint and muscle flexibility and muscle endurance for workers exposed to manual material handling and strenuous working positions.
Descriptors (primary): construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases; physical fitness programmes. Descriptors (secondary): heavy work; manual handling; muscular strength; physical fitness; physical workload; programme evaluation.

CIS 06-692
Hagberg M., Thiringer G., Brandström L.: Incidence of tinnitus, impaired hearing and musculoskeletal disorders among students enroled in academic music education - A retrospective cohort study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (ISSN 0340-0131), Aug. 2005, Vol.78, No.7, p.575-583. Illus. 17 ref. In English. (105009).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0692.pdf
This study examined the incidence of tinnitus, impaired hearing and musculoskeletal disorders among musicians and investigated the relationship with the number of practising hours and instrument type. Subjects consisted of music students enrolled between the years 1980 and 1995 in the music school of a Swedish university. A questionnaire on exposure and symptoms was answered by 407 of the 602 eligible students. The highest incidence of symptoms was found for reported tinnitus. There was also a relationship between the number of hours of instrumental practice and incidence of impaired hearing. Among the musculoskeletal symptoms, the highest incidences were pain in the neck and in the left shoulder. Incidences of symptoms of the left and right hand, elbow, forearm and shoulder are discussed as a function of the number of hours of weekly practice and instrument played.
Descriptors (primary): hearing loss; musculoskeletal diseases; musicians; risk factors; tinnitus. Descriptors (secondary): Sweden; cohort study; length of exposure; long-term study; questionnaire survey; symptoms; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 06-595
Roberge B., Baril M., Bariteau C.: Hazards in hazardous waste management facilities - What is the current situation? (FR: Des risques dans les centres de transferts des matières dangereuses résiduelles - Qu'en est-il?). Travail et santé (ISSN 0829-0369), Sep. 2005, Vol.21, No.3, p.14-17. 7 ref. In French. (105031).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0595.pdf
Industry generally provides for the disposal of hazardous wastes in specialized centres. Persons working in these centres are exposed to various health hazards. This article describes this industry in Quebec, Canada based on visits made to six of these centres. It describes the centres, the processes they use and the risks and hazards to workers due to chemical, physical ergonomic and safety-related factors. Workplace layouts were found to be designed primarily to satisfy productivity and flexibility requirements rather than ergonomics, leading to risks of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational accidents.
Descriptors (primary): Quebec; disposal of harmful waste; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; chemical hazards; equipment layout; mechanical hazards; physical hazards; safe layout; safety by design.

CIS 06-561
Aublet-Cuvelier A.: Upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques du membre supérieur). INRS ED 5031. Travail et sécurité (ISSN 0373-1944), Nov. 2005, No.656, insert 6p. Illus. 20 ref. In French. (105040).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0561.pdf
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) represent the most important category of compensated occupational disease in France, and their costs continue to escalate. This information note concerns upper extremity MSDs (UE-MSDs), involving the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist or hand. Contents: definitions and statistics of MSDs; principal risk factors; implementation of preventive measures; legislation and regulations; research by the French national occupational safety and health institute (INRS) and its partner institutions.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; upper extremity disorders. Descriptors (secondary): France; legal aspects; public OSH institutions; stress factors.

CIS 06-490
Devereux J.: The link in the strain. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), June 2005, Vol.23, No.6, p.41-44. Illus. 6 ref. In English. (104926).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0490.pdf
This article summarizes the findings of a three-year study on the link between stress and musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and describes a six-point approach that could enable organizations to limit the occurrence of both problems. The study involved a series of questionnaire surveys, interviews, video recordings and clinical examinations. Findings show that organizations need to focus on employees and have systems in place to react to the effects and causes of excessive physical and mental stressors. Recommendations aimed at helping reduce work-related stress and MSDs are presented in the form of a six-point action plan.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; stress factors. Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; mental stress; physical workload; speed of work; stress studies.

CIS 06-478
Gallagher S.: Physical limitations and musculoskeletal complaints associated with work in unusual or restricted postures: A literature review. Journal of Safety Research (ISSN 0022-4375), 2005, Vol.36, No.1, p.51-61. Illus. 50 ref. In English. (104923).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0478.pdf
Workers such as underground miners, aircraft baggage handlers, plumbers, agricultural workers and mechanics are often required to adopt postures such as kneeling, stooping, squatting or lying down for significant periods of the workday. A literature search was performed on the physical capabilities of workers in these postures and the musculoskeletal epidemiology associated with these postures. It was found that work in unusual and restricted postures was associated with significantly higher rates of musculoskeletal complaints compared to workers not adopting these postures (Odds Ratios ranging from 1.13 to 13). Some studies suggested a dose-response relationship, with longer exposures leading to increased musculoskeletal complaints. Physical strength and psychophysical lifting capacity vary significantly as unusual or restricted postures are adopted, with lower lifting capacities evident in the kneeling, squatting, and lying positions.
Descriptors (primary): muscular strength; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work posture. Descriptors (secondary): dose-response relationship; kneeling posture; lifting strength; literature survey; lying posture; manual handling; manual lifting; squatting posture.

CIS 06-468
Forde M.S., Punnett L., Wegman D.H.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in union ironworkers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (ISSN 1545-9624), Apr. 2005, Vol.2, No.4, p.203-212. Illus. 21 ref. In English. (104941).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0468.pdf
The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms and doctor-diagnosed MSDs (DDMDs) was estimated among 981 union construction ironworkers by a telephone-administered questionnaire and medical examinations respectively. The prevalence of self-reported MSD symptoms was high for the lower back (56%), wrist/hands/fingers (40%), knees (39%) and shoulders (36%). The most common DDMDs were tendonitis (19%), ruptured disk in the back (18%), bursitis in the shoulder (15%) and carpal tunnel syndrome (12%). Generally, the prevalence of DDMDs and MSD symptoms increased with duration of employment. The effect of prior injury was also consistently high. Among workers without prior injuries, MSD symptoms were more frequent for the lower back in structural ironwork, and for the upper extremity in concrete reinforcement ironwork. These findings suggest that some musculoskeletal morbidity in construction ironworkers may be work-related and thus preventable.
Descriptors (primary): concrete formwork; construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases; structural steel work. Descriptors (secondary): USA; backache; bursitis; carpal-tunnel syndrome; diagnosis; knee lesions; questionnaire survey; risk factors; shoulder; slipped disc; subjective assessment; symptoms; tendinitis; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 06-322
Veiersted K.B., Vik T.: Working conditions and health complaints among forest machine operators in north compared to central Europe (RU: Sravnitel'nyj analiz uslovij truda i sostojanija zdorov'ja operatorov ma¹in v lesnoj promy¹lennosti severnoj i central'noj Evropy). Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety (ISSN 1455-8459), 2005, Vol.8, No.1, p.13-16 (English); p.16-19 (Russian). Illus. 6 ref. In English, Russian. (104828).
EN: http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/CFBEB311-5F2E-4229-832F-F6392F545EE7/0/Barents_12005.pdf XX: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0322.pdf
This article summarizes the main findings of a European Union funded project aimed at analysing the working conditions and the state of health of machinery operators in the logging industry. It focuses on comparing the findings for a cross-sectional sample of 129 operators in Nordic countries with those of 229 operators in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Poland. The most common musculoskeletal complaints in both groups were neck and low back pain. Topics addressed: workers' age and years of work; working conditions; health aspects; sickness absenteeism and sick presence; future plans for improving working conditions.
Descriptors (primary): conditions of work; logging; logging equipment; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): France; Germany; Norway; Poland; Sweden; United Kingdom; backache; comparative study; questionnaire survey; sickness absenteeism; state of health; symptoms; work organization.

CIS 06-314
Gauthy R.: Musculoskeletal disorders: Where we are, and where we could be (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques: état de la question et perspectives d'action). HESA Newsletter (ISSN 1815-3615), June 2005, No.27, p.22-27. 5 ref. In English, French. (104792).
EN: http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/newsletter/files/Newsletter27p22-27.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0314en.pdf FR: http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/fr/newsletter/files/Newsletter27p22-27.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0314fr.pdf
Review article on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Europe. Topics addressed: object, scope and definitions; epidemiological aspects; failure of existing preventive measures; list of European preventive instruments; suggested improvements in legislation and other instruments to stem the growth of MSDs in Europe.
Descriptors (primary): European Communities; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): epidemiological aspects; legal aspects; national organization; risk factors.

CIS 06-237
First French-speaking congress on upper extremity MSDs (FR: 1er congrès francophone sur les TMS du membre supérieur). Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2005. CD-ROM. In French. (104732).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0237.pdf
Proceedings of a conference on upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) held in Nancy, France, 30-31 May 2005. The objective of the programme was to describe the current state of scientific progress and research prospects on the subject. Topics addressed: enterprise surveillance methods; the role of work organization; return to work of persons with MSDs; body mechanics; psychosocial factors; identification of successful interventions; recent methods and tools for prevention; research in other countries; economic aspects.
Descriptors (primary): France; musculoskeletal diseases; research; upper extremity disorders. Descriptors (secondary): CD-ROM; body mechanics; conference; economic aspects; ergonomics; medical supervision; rehabilitation; social aspects; work organization.

CIS 06-228
Polanyi M.F., Cole D.C., Ferrier S.E., Facey M.: Paddling upstream: A contextual analysis of implementation of a workplace ergonomic policy at a large newspaper. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), Mar. 2005, Vol.36, No.2, p.231-239. Illus. 31 ref. In English. (104728).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0228.pdf
Efforts to implement workplace ergonomic programs aimed at reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) have to address multiple physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments, yet contextual factors often limit their success. This article describes the processes involved in an ergonomic program to reduce neck and upper limb WMSDs at a large Canadian newspaper. Using qualitative data collection and analysis methods, the impacts of key contextual characteristics are illustrated, including those relating to the programme (management commitment, union involvement, experience and skill of programme leaders, researcher involvement), the organization (drive for productivity, management control, organizational culture) and the broader social context (economic climate, nature of newspaper work, technology and nature of WMSD).
Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; implementation of control measures; journalism; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; role of management; role of workers' organizations; work organization; workers' participation.

CIS 05-738
Denis D., St-Vincent M., Jetté C., Nastasia I., Imbeau D.: Intervention practices for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders: A critical review of the literature (FR: Les pratiques d'intervention portant sur la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques: un bilan critique de la littérature). Bilan de connaissances B-066. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. v, 67p. Illus. 107 ref. Price: CAD 10.70. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22733-X. In French. (104448).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/B-066.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0738.pdf
Many ergonomic interventions have been carried out over the last 20 years to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. This report summarizes and documents the aspects that contribute to the improvement of MSD prevention practices. A database of English and French publications was compiled. Five main categories of information were collected: steps in the intervention process used, general context, changes implemented, processes for accompanying the changes and the authors' comments on the dynamics of the intervention process in the company. Analysis of this data provides a picture of the major categories of intervention processes used in prevention and a critical evaluation of their use. New areas of research are proposed in order to better equip professionals dealing with MSD problems in their specific sectors of activity.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; workplace design. Descriptors (secondary): ergonomic evaluation; implementation of control measures; literature survey; programme evaluation; report; safety by design.

CIS 05-737
Bellemare M., Trudel L., Ledoux E., Montreuil S., Marier M., Laberge M., Godi M.J.: Integration of MSD prevention in designing a layout: The case of public libraries (FR: Intégration de la prévention des TMS dès la conception d'un aménagement : le cas des bibliothèques publiques). Etudes et Recherches R-395. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. x, 111p. Illus. 48 ref. + CD-ROM. Price: CAD 16.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22684-8. In French. (104410).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-395.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0737.pdf
Musculoskeletal disorders are common among library clerks, owing to prolonged static postures, repeated movements, the use of computer tools and manual handling tasks. This report summarizes the development of an ergonomic model that allows intervention during the design of workplace layouts so as to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Relationships between work activities in a library and various risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders were established and the impact of choices made during two library layout projects on the appearance of such injuries is documented. The results of the study can help library managers and personnel, ergonomists and municipal occupational health and safety specialists in choosing equipment and layouts that take into account the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; libraries; musculoskeletal diseases; workplace design. Descriptors (secondary): equipment layout; manual handling; repetitive work; report; risk factors; work posture.

CIS 05-496
Parkes K.R., Carnell S., Farmer E.: Musculo-skeletal disorders, mental health and the work environment. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 316. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. iv, 59p. Illus. 71 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2964-3. In English. (104052).
EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr316.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0496.pdf
The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence, severity and psychosocial risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among male employees in the oil and gas sector in the United Kingdom. 321 workers of this industry having participated in a previous survey five years earlier responded to the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Low-back pain showed the highest 12-month prevalence (51%). Psychological distress and physical workload factors were the most significant direct predictors of MSDs, while anxiety and lack of social support were significant factors in predicting changes in the prevalence of MSDs over a five-year period.
Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; conditions of work; mental health; musculoskeletal diseases; petroleum and natural gas industry; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): anxiety; backache; frequency rates; lumbar column; male workers; physical workload; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; report; severity rates; social aspects; subjective assessment.

CIS 05-486
David G., Woods V., Buckle P.: Further development of the usability and validity of the Quick Exposure Check (QEC). Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report RR 211. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. v, 36p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2825-6. In English. (104231).
EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr211.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0486.pdf
Improvements to the QEC method for assessing the exposure of workers to musculoskeletal risk factors were made using a participatory approach with input from health and safety practitioners and ergonomics experts. Experienced users were interviewed to explore the usability, strengths and weaknesses of the QEC and an improved version of the QEC and Reference Guide was tested with practitioners. Revisions based on these trials have provided an improved QEC, Reference Guide and on-line resource.
Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; exposure evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; description of technique; motion study; report; work posture.

CIS 05-429
Powell S., Davies A., Bunn J., Bethea D.: The effects of thermal environments on the risks associated with manual handling. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 337. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. x, 105p. Illus. 99 ref. Price: GBP 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2995-3. In English. (104215).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0429.pdf EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr337.pdf
Manual handling injuries are a major occupational health problem. The risk factors associated with manual handling in hot and cold environments were identified as a gap in knowledge under the HSE's priority programme for musculoskeletal disorders (MDS's). At present, the manual handling guidance does not offer specific guidance regarding manual handling in non-neutral thermal environments other than to say that extremes of temperature and humidity should be avoided. Two experiments were designed to assess the effects of non-neutral thermal environments on manual handling. For the purposes of this study, a cold environment was defined as between 0-10°C (44-60% relative humidity) and a hot environment as between 29-39°C (25-72% relative humidity). The results and implications of this experimental work are discussed.
Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; cold workplaces; hot workplaces; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): extreme temperatures; measurement of work and effort; public OSH institutions; report; research; strain injuries.

CIS 05-318
Burton A.K., Bartys S., Wright I.A., Main C.J.: Obstacles to recovery from musculoskeletal disorders in industry. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 323. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. viii, 73p. Illus. 104 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2975-9. In English. (104212).
EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr323.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0318.pdf
A four-year study on musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was carried out in two phases: a workforce survey of a large multi-site company in the United Kingdom followed by a controlled trial of an occupational guidelines-based intervention protocol for workers with MSDs, focusing on obstacles to recovery and return-to-work. Results confirmed a general association between the psychosocial work environment and MSDs. Psychosocial risk factors predicted the likelihood of future absence, but not its duration; therefore routine psychosocial screening to predict return-to-work time may have limited value. Implementation of an early proactive occupational health protocol (psychosocial intervention and a supportive network) was a successful strategy for reducing absence due to MSDs, for both return-to-work time and future work-loss.
Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; sickness absenteeism; social aspects. Descriptors (secondary): occupational psychology; prediction; report.

CIS 06-488
Macdonald W.: Workload, stress and psychosocial factors as hazards for musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand (ISSN 0815-6409), Feb. 2004, Vol.20, No.1, p.37-47. Illus. 53 ref. In English. (104803).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0488.pdf
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from work-related cumulative trauma continue to constitute a substantial problem in many workplaces. It is argued that current countermeasures address only one part of the problem because they usually fail to take adequate account of the important role of psychosocial and psychological stress factors as MSD risk factors. The nature and role of these risk factors are described in terms of an ergonomics model of work-related MSD risk. Key elements of the model are job demands, psychosocial factors, mental workload and stress. The empirical basis for this model is outlined, and the findings of studies on physiological mechanisms by which stress can increase the risk of MSDs are discussed. Based on this model, more effective management strategies to control non-physical MSD risk factors are identified.
Descriptors (primary): mental workload; musculoskeletal diseases; psychology and sociology; risk factors; stress factors. Descriptors (secondary): ergonomics; mental stress; psychology of work organization.

CIS 06-476
Newell T.M., Kumar S.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among orthodontists in Alberta. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Feb. 2004, Vol.33, No.2, p.99-107. Illus. 16 ref. In English. (104839).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0476.pdf
In a survey of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental professionals, a standardized Nordic questionnaire was mailed out to all registered orthodontists in Alberta, Canada. There was a 52.4% response rate from a sample of 61. Results showed low back trouble to be the most prevalent MSD (59%), followed by neck (56%) and shoulder trouble (47%). There were no significant differences in MSD prevalence between men and women and no correlations existed between age, years of work and number of hours of practice per week. It is suggested that further attention should be directed towards risk factors and ergonomic intervention.
Descriptors (primary): Alberta; dental services; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; ergonomics; frequency rates; questionnaire survey.

CIS 05-733
Kumar S., Moro L., Narayan Y.: Morbidity among X-ray technologists. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Jan. 2004, Vol.33, No.1, p.29-40. 21 ref. In English. (104392).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0733.pdf
A questionnaire survey of occupational and non-occupational health factors was carried out among a random sample of 20 volunteer X-ray technologists from two University hospitals. Participants were from 20 to 53 years of age and 89% were physically active. Despite their relatively young age and active lifestyle, they suffered from significant and diverse musculoskeletal problems. Eighty three percent had backache, 39% of female respondents had neck pain and 28% has shoulder pain. The pain was aggravated by work activities and relieved by rest, massage, the application of heat or ice and exercise. Most suffered multiple episodes of pain and half of the female sample suffered from upper extremity pain.
Descriptors (primary): Canada; health care personnel; hospitals; morbidity; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): backache; neck disorders; sex-linked differences; shoulder; symptoms; upper extremity disorders; x-ray equipment.

CIS 05-487
Cleaning and disinfection. Knives that retain their cutting properties for reducing MSDs (FR: Nettoyage et désinfection. Un couteau qui garde son pouvoir de coupe pour réduire les TMS). INRS ED 939. Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Dec. 2004. 19p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: EUR 4.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 2-7389-1262-1. In French. (104064).
FR: http://www.inrs.fr/INRS-PUB/inrs01.nsf/inrs01_search_view_view/E34A26EB5132707EC1256F6D004DDD67/$FILE/ed939.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0487.pdf
The importance of knife sharpness on reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders is well known: when knives don't cut well, tasks require more time, more cuts are needed and cuts are less precise. Workers are forced to adopt gestures that are detrimental to their health. In order to maintain the cutting properties of knives over time, it is important that they be sharpened at regular intervals by suitably trained persons. However, proper sharpening is possible only if the knives are sufficiently cleaned and disinfected. This booklet explains how to ensure that the cutting properties of knives are not impaired by cleaning and disinfection operations.
Descriptors (primary): France; disinfection of equipment; hand knives; meat industry; musculoskeletal diseases. Descriptors (secondary): safety guides; speed of work; work posture.

CIS 05-485
Loisel P., Durand M.J., Baril R., Langley A., Falardeau M.: Decision-making to facilitate a return to work - Exploratory study of aspects of decision-making in an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation team (FR: Décider pour faciliter le retour au travail - Etude exploratoire sur les dimensions de la prise de décision dans une équipe interdisciplinaire de réadaptation au travail). Etudes et Recherches R-393. Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. ix, 48p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: CAD 6.42. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22643-0. In French. (104083).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0485.pdf FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-393.pdf
Therapeutic return to work, an innovative approach to the case management of workers suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, is based on interaction and consensual dialogue among many specialists, including an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, workplace stakeholders, workers themselves and attending physicians. While several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of such a global approach, the decision-making processes underlying the achievement of consensus have not been clearly established. The objective of this research project was to conduct a case study of this complex decision-making process and to identify the strategies most likely to ensure the success of therapeutic return to work. Different models of decision-making were developed and a system of ten values on which the team is based was identified, the most important one being partnership.
Descriptors (primary): assessment of working capacity; musculoskeletal diseases; rehabilitation. Descriptors (secondary): Canada; case study; cooperation; report.

CIS 05-472
Gunatilaka A.: Collecting shopping trolleys: A manual handling injury concern. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand (ISSN 0815-6409), Oct.2004, Vol.20, No.5, p.433-440. Illus. 16 ref. In English. (104027).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0472.pdf
Shopping trolley collection was observed at six shopping centres. These observations showed that some collectors use possibly unsafe practices in nesting and moving columns of trolleys. To assess whether these practices could lead to manual handling injuries, a series of experiments were conducted. The forces encountered in two observed methods of nesting trolleys were measured and compared. The initial and sustained push forces required to move columns of up to 10 shopping trolleys were measured on the flat asphalt surface of a shopping centre car park. The push forces required to move larger numbers of nested trolleys were estimated using regression analysis. Pushing more than 13 nested trolleys was found to exceed recommended push forces and, hence, could lead to manual handling injury.
Descriptors (primary): manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; pushing tasks; risk factors; supermarkets. Descriptors (secondary): ergonomics; job study; pushing strength; statistical evaluation; unsafe practices.

CIS 05-314
Del Prado-Lu J. L.: Risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric measurements of Filipino manufacturing workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2004, Vol.10, No.4, p.349-359. Illus. 15 ref. In English. (104224).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0314.pdf
This study investigated the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 were surveyed by means of questionnaires. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, problems in daily living activities were seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk pain and low back pain were experienced by 23.8%. Workers were 29 times more likely to develop low back pain when standing for 2-8 hrs a day than when sitting throughout. Anthropometry can be a useful tool for the design of workstations and work furniture.
Descriptors (primary): Philippines; anthropometry; manufacturing industries; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work posture. Descriptors (secondary): backache; cross-sectional study; lower extremities; lumbar column; questionnaire survey; symptoms; upper extremities.

CIS 05-310
Choobineh A., Lahmi M., Hosseini M., Shahnavaz H., Jazani R. K.: Workstation design in carpet hand-weaving operation: Guidelines for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2004, Vol.10, No.4, p.411-424. Illus. 35 ref. In English. (104229).
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0310.pdf
Carpet weavers suffer from musculoskeletal problems mainly attributable to poor working postures and poor workstation design. This study investigated the effects of two workstation design parameters (weaving height and seat type) on postural variables and subjective experience. Guidelines were developed for workstation adjustments. At an adjustable experimental workstation, 30 professional weavers worked under nine different conditions. Working posture and weavers' perceptions were recorded. It was found that head, neck and shoulder postures were influenced by weaving height, while both weaving height and seat type influenced trunk and elbow postures. The determinant factor for weavers' perception on the neck, shoulders and elbows was found to be weaving height, and on the back and knees it was seat type. Based on the results, it was proposed that weaving height should be adjusted to 20cm above elbow height and that a 10° forward-sloping high seat should be used.
Descriptors (primary): carpet weaving; comfort assessment; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; workplace design. Descriptors (secondary): Iran, Islamic Republic of; job study; sitting posture; small enterprises; subjective assessment; textile industry; work posture.

CIS 05-297
Ach-Bensa D., Régnard P.J.: Hypothenar hammer syndrome - Case of a floor tile layer (FR: Syndrome du marteau hypoténarien - A propos d'un cas chez un solier carreleur). Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail (ISSN 1250-3274), Dec. 2004, Vol.65, No.7-8, p.590-600. Illus. 40 ref. In French. (104074).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0297.pdf
Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a vascular acrosyndrome of the upper limb occurring in persons using their hypothenar eminence (the palm of the hand) as a hammer in the course of their occupational or leisure activities. These trauma can result in ulnar artery thrombosis or aneurysm. The case of a bilateral thrombosed aneurysm of the ulnar artery in a floor tile layer is reported. Early detection, medical and technical prevention and modes of identification are problematic. The Doppler technique highlights both aneurysms and the diagnosis can be confirmed by arteriography. The prevalence of these arthropathies is probably underestimated because of the absence of specificity of the clinical signs and the inconstant character of the clinical repercussion of ulnar arterial thrombosis. The building professions are particularly exposed. During consultation, systematic Allen testing of exposed employees and more frequent Doppler arterial echography of the upper limb would be useful in the early detection of this pathology. Priority should be given to prevention and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment should become more widespread.
Descriptors (primary): building industry; flooring; hand; musculoskeletal diseases; repetitive strain injury. Descriptors (secondary): aneurysm; arteriography; case study; diagnosis; symptoms.

CIS 05-119
Chaney C., Le Pache J., Aucour C., Alcouffe J., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y.: Trends in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among women supermarket cashiers before and after the reorganization of the job (phases 1 and 2) (FR: Evolution des plaintes musculosquelettiques (TMS) chez les hôtesses de caisse avant et après réorganisation des postes (phases 1 et 2)). Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle (ISSN 0007-9936), 2004, Vol.44, No.2, p.181-196. 32 ref. In French. (103795).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0119.pdf
In this case-control study, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of supermarket cashiers were evaluated before and one year after changing the type of supermarket till. The study involved an ergonomic survey and an epidemiological survey of cases (workers in the supermarket with the new tills) and controls (workers at a supermarket of the same chain but without change of tills), during 2001 and 2002. 226 questionnaires were analysed in 2001 (113 cases and 113 controls) and 190 in 2002 (109 cases and 81 controls). Changes in till type resulted in lower levels of MSDs of the neck and upper back, and lower frequencies of MSDs of the right shoulder. Besides a change in equipment, improvements in training and support by management and colleagues also contributed to the reduced incidence of MSDs among this group of workers.
Descriptors (primary): cashiers and ticket clerks; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; supermarkets; women; workplace design. Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; comparative study; equipment layout; ergonomic evaluation; job study; neck disorders; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; subjective assessment.

CIS 05-98
Neto A, de Souza Uva A., Cunha Miranda L.: Occupational rheumatic disorders (PT: Doenças reumáticas ligadas ao trabalho). Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, [c2004]. CD-Rom (needs Pentium II 233Mhz, Windows 95/98/ME, 2000 or XP, RAM 32Mb, graphic card 800x600). In Portuguese. (103771).
PT: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0098.pdf
Topics covered by this CD-ROM on occupational musculoskeletal disorders: classification of disorders; occupational risk factors; main pathologies; sectors of activity that can give rise to musculoskeletal disorders; diagnosis and prevention; recognition and compensation; occupational medicine; multidisciplinary interventions; future prospects.
Descriptors (primary): Portugal; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational diseases; risk factors. Descriptors (secondary): CD-ROM; backache; classification; compensation of occupational diseases; diagnosis; ergonomics; legal aspects; lumbar column; plant safety and health organization.

CIS 04-568
Chaney C., Le Pache J., Aucour C., Alcouffe J., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y.: Study of the musculoskeletal disease (MSD) risk factors in a population of 334 female supermarket cashiers in the Paris region (FR: Etude des facteurs de risque de troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) dans une population de 334 hôtesses de caisse de la région parisienne). Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle (ISSN 0007-9936), 2004, Vol.44, No.3, p.319-328. Illus. 28 ref. In French. (103511).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0568.pdf
The objective of this study was to highlight the risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) among retail sales cashiers in the Paris region. Work involved analysing the combined data from two surveys carried out in two hypermarkets of the same chain before and one year after the redesign of the tills. A numerical value for MSDs was computed according to the CAIL method developed by INRS. 334 women cashiers were divided into two groups of similar size (MSD+ and MSD-) according to whether their MSD value was above or below the median value. Statistical analysis enabled the highlighting of the following risk factors: overweight, feeling being exposed to cold, lack of variety in the job, unsatisfactory job performance evaluations, feeling under stress, personal and occupational worries and difficulties in communicating with colleagues and supervisors.
Descriptors (primary): cashiers, tellers and related clerks; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; supermarkets; women. Descriptors (secondary): France; body weight; cash registers; cold workplaces; human relations; job dissatisfaction; non-occupational factors; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; repetitive work; stress factors; subjective assessment; symptoms.

CIS 04-561
Mrizek N.: Musculoskeletal diseases and work: Evaluation, disability and rehabilitation at work (FR: Troubles musculo-squelettiques et travail: évaluation, invalidité et réinsertion professionnelle). SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Jan. 2004, No.28, p.20-26. Illus. 24 ref. In French. (103625).
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0561.pdf
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) constitute not only a health problem, but also an economic burden for workers, employers and insurance institutions. This article addresses aspects of evaluation, disability and rehabilitation of workers suffering from MSDs. Contents: definition of MSDs; magnitude of the problem; evaluation of the degree of disability; occupational rehabilitation; disability of persons suffering from MSDs; recognition of the occupational nature of MSDs and compensation (Tunisian regulatory framework, examples of Switzerland and the Netherlands).
Descriptors (primary): compensation of occupational diseases; cost of diseases; degree of disability; expertise; musculoskeletal diseases; rehabilitation; sickness absenteeism. Descriptors (secondary): Netherlands; Switzerland; Tunisia; backache; legislation; occupational diseases; role of insurance institutions.

CIS 04-492
Devereux J., Rydstedt L., Kelly V., Weston P., Buckle P.: The role of work stress and psychological factors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report RR 273. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2004. x, 139p. Illus. 79 ref. Price: GBP 20.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2903-1. In English. (103376).
EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr273.pdf EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0492.pdf
This study was conducted to establish the role of stress and other psychological factors on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. A prospective epidemiological cohort study design was chosen. This comprised a baseline cross-sectional study of 8000 workers drawn from 20 enterprises across 11 industrial sectors in the United Kingdom, 3139 of whom were then followed for 15 months. Baseline and follow-up data were collected by means of questionnaires. Work effort, unclear role definition and verbal abuse with clients or the public were the most important factors of perceived job stress. High perceived job stress was found to be an intermediate factor between high exposure to both physical and psychosocial work risk factors and self-reported low back, upper back and hand-wrist complaints.
Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; psychology of work organization; risk factors; stress factors. Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; backache; cohort study; hand injuries; mental workload; questionnaire survey; report; subjective assessment; violence; wrist lesions.

CIS 04-478
Shirazi-Adl A.: Evaluation of strain on the spine and risks of injury to tissues during industrial load lifting tasks: Role of posture (FR: Evaluation des efforts dans la colonne vertébrale et des risques de blessures des tissus au cours de tâches industrielles d'élévation de charges - Rôle de la posture). Etudes et recherches R-382. Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. 39p. Illus. 167 ref. Price: CAD 5.35. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22586-8. In French. (103478).
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-382.pdf FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0478.pdf
Although lifting of heavy loads has been associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back, there is little consensus on postures that are the most effective for avoiding injury. The aim of this research was to develop a kinematically- and kinetically-valid model of lifting that takes into account the relationship between active and passive spinal column systems and the effect of heavy loads on joints. The model allows to predict muscular force and sheds light on the effect and hazards of various lifting postures. It helps prevent injuries by establishing weight limits and optimal postures for lifting and providing information that improves the efficiency of therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions.
Descriptors (primary): manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; spinal column; work posture. Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; electromyography; lumbar column; mathematical models; muscular work; permissible workload; posture recording; report.

CIS 04-477
Rugulies R., Braff J., Frank J.W., Aust B., Gillen M., Yen I.H., Bhatia R., Ames G., Gordon D., Gordon D.R., Janowitz I., Om

CIS 07-491

Resource manual for the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario (FR: Manuel de ressources des lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario). Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario. MSD Prevention Series Part 2. Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 71p. Illus. 33 ref. PDF document. In English, French. (106499).

EN: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario_resource_manual.pdf
FR: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Manuel_resources_fr.pdf

The primary purpose of this resource manual is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with more detailed information and advice on how to implement the generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders that is described in the MSD Prevention Guideline for Ontario (see CIS 07-490). Further guidance is given on each of the issues addressed in the Guideline: MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding and recognition of MSD hazards; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results.

Descriptors (primary): Ontario; health programmes; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; hazard evaluation; implementation of control measures; programme evaluation; safety guides; workers' participation.

CIS 07-490

MSD prevention guideline for Ontario (FR: Lignes directrices de prévention des TMS pour l'Ontario). Occupational Health and safety Council of Ontario. MSD Prevention Series Part 1. Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA), Centre for Health & Safety Innovation, 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 300, Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 0A1, Canada, 2007. 29p. Illus. 9 ref. PDF document. In English, French. (106498).

EN: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/msd_2006_guideline_ontario.pdf
FR: http://www.iapa.ca/documents/MSD_Lignes_directrices.pdf

The primary purpose of this guide is to provide Ontario's employers and workers with information and advice on a recommended generic framework for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. Contents: definition of MSD; MSD prevention as part of an occupational health and safety programme; creating a foundation for a successful MSD prevention programme; understanding MSD hazards (forces on the body, awkward posture, repetition); recognizing MSD hazards and related concerns; conducting an MSD risk assessment; choice and implementation of control measures; follow-up and evaluation of controls; communication of results. See CIS 07-491 for the resource manual accompanying this guide.

CIS 07-487

Good practice guidelines for the prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders within the telecommunications sector (DE: Verhaltenskodex zur Vorbeugung von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen im Telekommunikationssektor, FR: Guide de bonnes pratiques pour la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans le secteur des télécommunications, PT: Directrizes de boas práticas para a prevenção de pertubações músculo-esqueléticas no sector das telecomunicações). UNI-Europa Telecom. Internet document, [ca 2006]. 31p. Illus. In English, French, German, Portuguese. (106416).

DE: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_DE.pdf
EN: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_EN.pdf
FR: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_FR.pdf
PT: http://www.msdonline.org/docs/pdf/MSD_guidelines_PT.pdf

Contents of these guidelines for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) within the telecommunications sector: general principles for the prevention of MSDs; conceptual model for MSDs; work organization; manual handling; work in awkward postures; vibration; repetitive work; display screen equipment; physical and psychosocial issues; specific work activities and tasks in the telecommunications sector associated with the risk of MSDs.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; safe working methods; telecommunications.
Descriptors (secondary): construction sites; ergonomics; hand-arm vibration; man-computer interfaces; manual handling; personal protective equipment; visual display terminals; whole-body vibration; work at height; work organization; work posture.

CIS 07-486

Chatigny C., Balleux A., Martin M., Grenier J.: Exploratory study of training and learning dynamics: Task learning and the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in three companies in the poultry industry (FR: Etude exploratoire des dynamiques de formation et d'apprentissage - Apprentissage des tâches et prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans trois entreprises du secteur avicole). Etudes et Recherches R-464. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006. vi, 70p. 52 ref. Price: CAD 10.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 978-2-89631-049-4. In French. (106444).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-464.pdf

The objective of this study was to examine the dynamics surrounding training and learning for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among poultry industry workers. Data were obtained from video recordings of interviews with trainers, trainees and those responsible for training. Data analysis revealed the importance of relationship dynamics and the role of trainers. The study provided an understanding of the situation in the food industry and determined the obstacles and the factors favouring the implementation of a dynamic for the promotion of safe working methods.

Descriptors (primary): food industry; musculoskeletal diseases; safety training in industry.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; report; safe working methods.

CIS 07-475

Engkvist I.L.: Evaluation of an intervention comprising a no lifting policy in Australian hospitals. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), Mar. 2006, Vol.37, No.2, p.141-148. 52 ref. In English. (106261).

The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the use of transfer equipment, the number of injuries, pain symptoms and absence from work among nurses after the intervention of a "no lifting policy" at a hospital, compared with nurses at two control hospitals. A comprehensive questionnaire was used for data collection. Results show that at the hospital where the policy had been introduced, the nurses used the transfer equipment regularly. They had significantly fewer back injuries, pain symptoms and absence from work due to musculoskeletal disorders compared with nurses at the control hospitals. The study showed strong evidence for supporting the implementation of a no lifting policy.

Descriptors (primary): Australia; health programmes; hospitals; lifting of loads; manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; ergonomics; health care personnel; lifting appliances; programme evaluation; questionnaire survey.

CIS 07-473

Evanoff B.: Ergonomic intervention studies among health care personnel (FR: Etudes d'intervention ergonomique chez les soignants). DMT 106 TF148. Documents pour le médecin du travail (ISSN 0339-6517), 2nd Quarter 2006, No.106, p.187-194. 5 ref. In French. (106328).

FR: http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20148/$File/TF148.pdf

This article provides a review of a seminar held in Saint-Maurice, France, in March 2005 on ergonomic intervention studies aimed at reducing occupational musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) among health care personnel. Topics addressed: methodological aspects of the design of ergonomic studies on MSDs; why the frequency of MSDs among health care personnel is high, and possible role of ergonomic interventions; brief overview of ergonomic intervention studies among health care personnel carried out in St Louis, United States, including in particular the adoption of patient lifting equipment.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; health care personnel; manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): France; USA; conference; ergonomics; hospitals; lifting equipment.

CIS 07-472

Smith D.R., Mihashi M., Adachi Y., Koga H., Ishitake T.: A detailed analysis of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors among Japanese nurses. Journal of Safety Research (ISSN 0022-4375), 2006, Vol.37, No.2, p.195-200. 16 ref. In English. (106266).

A Japanese language version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was administered to 1,162 nurses from a large teaching hospital. The response rate was 73%. The 12-month period prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was 85.5%. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and having children were shown to be significant risk factors, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.87, 2.45 and 2.53, respectively. Workplace risk factors included manually handling patients (OR 2.07 to 11.97) and undertaking physically laborious work (OR 2.09 to 2.76). Nurses reporting pre menstrual tension were 1.66 and 1.94 times more likely to suffer from lower and upper back MSDs, respectively. High mental pressure was also identified as a significant risk factor for MSD of the neck (OR 1.53) and shoulder (OR 2.07). It is concluded that remediation strategies that focus only on manual handling are not sufficient. More emphasis needs to be placed on job satisfaction, work organization, and occupational stress.

Descriptors (primary): Japan; health care personnel; hospitals; musculoskeletal diseases; nursing personnel; risk factors; women.
Descriptors (secondary): alcoholism; backache; job dissatisfaction; manual handling; neck disorders; non-occupational factors; physical workload; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; smoking; stress factors.

CIS 07-446

Mason S., Williams D.: Assess all areas. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), June 2006, Vol.24, No.6, p.56-58. Illus. 2 ref. In English. (106385).

This article outlines the advantages of body-mapping over other approaches for assessing the risks and managing the workloads of individuals experiencing symptoms of, or receiving treatment for, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). It comments on the Health and Safety Executive's manual handling guide (see CIS 06-17) and a study undertaken by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health based on the Owaco Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS, see CIS 93-1508) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA, see CIS 95-365) survey methods.

Descriptors (primary): body mechanics; ergonomic evaluation; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): description of technique; hazard evaluation; risk factors; symptoms; upper extremities.

CIS 07-445

Denis D., St-Vincent M., Imbeau D., Trudeau R.: Stock management influence on manual materials handling in two warehouse superstores. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Mar. 2006, Vol.36, No.3, p.191-201. Illus. 26 ref. In English. (106271).

The objective of this ergonomic study was to better understand the impact of stock management practices on manual materials handling activities of warehouse superstore employees. It was carried out in two warehouse superstores of a leading company in the retail sector that specializes in office supplies. Close attention was paid to the interaction between stock volume, its movements on the sales floor and the available storage space. Results indicate that an imbalance between the amount of stock and the available storage space results in the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, increased risks of accidents and lower productivity and quality of service due to time wasted, stock losses and customer dissatisfaction. Various recommendations are made to address these issues.

Descriptors (primary): manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; warehouses; work posture.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; ergonomic evaluation; falls of persons; job study; loading and unloading; safe layout; speed of work; storage; work at height.

CIS 07-342

Gazsi M., Renard V.: MSDs, scourge of the 21st century? (FR: Les TMS, fléau du XXIe siècle?). Prévention BTP (ISSN 1287-7778), Oct. 2006, No.89, p.37-47. Illus. In French. (106459).

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) account for two-thirds of occupational diseases in France. This special feature discusses the prevention of MSDs in the construction industry. Contents: statistical highlights concerning MSDs in the construction industry in France; implementation of prevention measures; use of elevating platforms for limiting uncomfortable postures; opinion of an occupational physician specializing in MSDs.

Descriptors (primary): France; construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; elevating platforms; industrial physicians; location of injury; mobile platforms; risk factors; statistical trends; work posture.

CIS 07-331

Musculoskeletal diseases in Europe - Definitions and statistical data (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques en Europe - Définitions et données statistiques). EUROGIP, 55 rue de la Fédération, 75015 Paris, France, Mar. 2006. 10p. Internet document. In French. (106433).

FR: http://www.eurogip.fr/docs/TMS-FR-mars-06.pdf

This review of definitions and statistical data concerning musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was compiled from various documents published by the European Union and its Member States. In recent years, there has been an overall increase in the number of persons suffering from MSDs in Europe. However, there are wide differences between those States that appear to have contained the phenomenon and even witnessed a significant decrease in the number of cases, and those that are currently experiencing a real epidemic.

Descriptors (primary): European Union; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): comparative study; frequency rates; statistical trends.

CIS 07-322

Hartman E., Oude Vrielink H.H.E., Huirne R.B.M., Metz J.H.M.: Risk factors for sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders among self-employed Dutch farmers: A case-control study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), Mar. 2006, Vol.49, No.3, p.204-214. Illus. 39 ref. In English. (106277).

The objective of this case-control study was to identify and quantify risk factors for sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders among self-employed Dutch farmers. Risk factors for sick leave claimed between 1998 and 2001 for back or neck/shoulder/upper extremity disorders from 198 and 89 subjects respectively were analysed and compared to 816 controls who did not file any claim in this period. It was concluded that the prevention of sick leave among self-employed farmers should focus on life style (obesity, smoking), reducing physical workload among older farmers and reducing long-term tractor driving. Specific attention should be paid to farmers in contact with animals and to mushroom farmers.

Descriptors (primary): agriculture; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; sickness absenteeism.
Descriptors (secondary): Netherlands; age-linked differences; backache; case-control study; livestock rearing; mushroom farming; neck disorders; obesity; older workers; physical workload; smoking; tractors; upper extremity disorders; whole-body vibration.

CIS 07-218

da Silva M.C., Fassa A.G., Kriebel D.: Musculoskeletal pain in ragpickers in a southern city in Brazil. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), May 2006, Vol.49, No.5, p.327-336. Illus. 37 ref. In English. (106066).

Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely precarious. This case-control study examined ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain in a sample of ragpickers of a city in southern Brazil. It involved 455 ragpickers and 455 matched referents from the same poor neighbourhoods. Data were collected by means of interviews and musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Nordic Questionnaire. Ragpickers reported higher prevalences for most awkward postures and ergonomic exposures compared to controls with other demanding manual jobs. However the prevalence within the previous 12 months of low back pain, lower extremity pain and upper extremity pain were similar for both groups, and both groups reported higher ergonomic exposures and more prevalent low back pain than the general population (49% vs. 35% respectively).

Descriptors (primary): Brazil; informal sector; musculoskeletal diseases; recycling of materials.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; ergonomics; lower extremity disorders; questionnaire survey; subjective assessment; upper extremity disorders; work posture.

CIS 07-116

Schwartz G.: Classical musicians - Fine tuning of occupational safety and health (FR: Musiciens classiques - Bien orchestrer la prévention). Travail et sécurité (ISSN 0373-1944), June 2006, No.663, p.3-9. Illus. 7 ref. In French. (106136).

FR: http://www.travail-et-securite.fr/ArchivesTS/ArchivesTS.nsf/(allDocParRef)/TS663page2_1/$File/TS663page2.pdf?OpenElement

Classical musicians, and particularly those playing in an orchestra, often suffer from diseases related to their occupation. The main risks are of musculoskeletal diseases due to prolonged awkward postures or repetitive movements and hearing loss due to prolonged exposure to noise. Stress can be an aggravating factor. This article discusses the occupational hazards faced by classical musicians and their means of prevention. Forthcoming legislation based on the Noise Directive will require employers to carry out an exposure evaluation and provide personal protective equipment. The legislation will be applicable in 2006 in most sectors, and will also apply to the music and entertainment sectors after a two-year transition period.

Descriptors (primary): health hazards; hearing loss; musculoskeletal diseases; musicians.
Descriptors (secondary): France; comment on directive; exposure evaluation; hearing protection; legislation; noise level measurement; repetitive strain injury; repetitive work; responsibilities of employers; stress factors; work posture.

CIS 06-1488

Chicoine D., Tellier C., St-Vincent M.: Work involving varied tasks: An ergonomic analysis process for MSD prevention (FR: Le travail à tâches variées - Une démarche d'analyse ergonomique pour la prévention des TMS). Etudes et Recherches RG-457. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2006.60p. Illus. Price: CAD 21.20. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-89631-036-3. In French. (105998).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/RG-457.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1488.pdf

Varied long-cycle tasks constitute a common method of work, but, as with repetitive tasks, they may cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). While tools exist for analysing short-cycle repetitive tasks, none exists for the analysis of varied tasks. The objective of this guide is to enable persons responsible for occupational safety and health to study such work situations using an ergonomic analysis process. It presents the context for applying this process, explains each of the steps in the work analysis and sets out the advantages and limitations of the approach. This new tool also responds to the need for expertise and training in MSD prevention.

Descriptors (primary): Quebec; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; work organization.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; conditions of work; job study; report.

CIS 06-1478

Woods V., Buckle P.: Musculoskeletal ill health amongst cleaners and recommendations for work organizational change. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Jan. 2006, Vol.36, No.1, p.61-72. 57 ref. In English. (105769).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1478.pdf

The findings from an investigation into the musculoskeletal health of cleaners in the United Kingdom are presented. Questionnaire surveys of 1216 cleaners, 130 assessments of cleaning tasks and interviews with 38 cleaners working in various types of premises (hospitals, schools, government agencies, enterprises) were undertaken to identify potential risk factors for musculoskeletal ill health. Based on the findings, recommendations are proposed related to work scheduling, work practices, teamwork, reporting systems for musculoskeletal ill heath, procedures for risk assessment; training programmes, equipment selection and maintenance procedures.

Descriptors (primary): cleaning; domestic and related helpers, cleaners; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work organization.
Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; educational institutions; hospitals; questionnaire survey; work posture.

CIS 06-1237

Proceedings of a meeting to explore the use of ergonomics interventions for the mechanical and electrical trades. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-119. Publications Dissemination, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, Apr. 2006. xvi, 137p. Illus. 85 ref. In English. (105667).

EN: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2006-119/pdfs/2006-119.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1237.pdf

Proceedings of a meeting to explore the use of ergonomics interventions for the mechanical and electrical trades held in San Jose, California, USA, 25-26 February 2002. Topics covered include: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and soft tissue injuries in the mechanical and electrical trades; interventions currently used to control risk factors for these disorders; developing and implementing ergonomic interventions.

Descriptors (primary): construction work; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): conference; design of equipment; economic aspects; installation of pipe systems; materials handling; plumbing; sheet-metal working; work posture.

CIS 06-582

Fouquet B., Hérisson C. (eds): Ageing of workers and musculoskeletal disorders (FR: Vieillissement des salariés et troubles musculo-squelettiques). Collection de Pathologie Locomotrice et de Médecine Orthopédique n°57. Masson S.A.S., 21 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 92789 Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex 9, France, 2006. xii, 117p. Illus. Bibl. ref. ISBN: 2-294-07140-9. In French. (105132).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0582.pdf

This collection of papers by specialists in a range of disciplines addresses the characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders among older workers. Papers are presented under the following headings: epidemiological and economic aspects; clinical and therapeutic considerations; and rehabilitation and reinsertion. Each paper includes a summary in English.

Descriptors (primary): ageing; musculoskeletal diseases; older workers.
Descriptors (secondary): France; backache; epidemiological aspects; handicapped workers; legal aspects; physical workload; rehabilitation; spinal column; statistics; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 07-101

Douillet P., Schweitzer J.M. (eds): Conditions for sustainable prevention of MSDs (FR: Les conditions d'une prévention durable des TMS). Agence Nationale pour l'Amélioration des Conditions de Travail, 4, quai des Etroits, 69321 Lyon Cedex 05, France, Mar. 2005. 123p. Illus. Bibl.ref. In French. (106173).

FR: http://www.anact.fr/pls/portal/docs/1/14128.PDF

Proceedings of a seminar on the sustainable prevention of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) held in Paris, France, on 7-8 July 2004. Presentations cover the following main areas: development of an approach to the sustainable prevention of MSDs; comments based on practical experience; opposing views.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; work organization.
Descriptors (secondary): France; conference; ergonomics; labour-management relations.

CIS 06-1479

East J., Sood D.: Ergonomic guidelines for selecting hand and power tools. Occupational Hazards (ISSN 0029-7909), Dec. 2005, Vol.67, No.12, p.39-41. Illus. In English. (105852).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1479.pdf

Advances in tools have created new challenges involving the complex interactions between users and their tools. Improper hand tool selection has been known to result in unreliable quality of work and decreased efficiency and productivity. Using the wrong tool or using the right tool incorrectly can cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which consist of injuries to the muscles, tendons, joints and nerves that usually manifest over a period of time and can affect a variety of body parts. This article discusses the risk factors of WMSDs associated with the use of hand tools, which include awkward wrist and hand postures, static muscle loading, mechanical stress, vibration, noise, torque, temperature and pinch points. By eliminating or minimizing exposure to these risk factors, the risk of WMSDs for workers is reduced.

Descriptors (primary): electric tools; ergonomics; hand tools; musculoskeletal diseases; selection of equipment.
Descriptors (secondary): design of equipment; hand; muscular strength; noise; vibration; work posture; wrist.

CIS 06-1356

Smith D.R., Choe M.A., Jeon M.Y., Chae Y.R., An G.J., Jeong J.S.: Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms among Korean hospital nurses. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2005, Vol.11, No.4, p.431-440. 42 ref. In English. (105753).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1356.pdf

This study investigated the epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among a sample of 330 nurses from a large Korean hospital, by means of a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of MSS at any body site was 93.6%, with symptoms most commonly reported at the shoulder (74.5%), lower back (72.4%), neck (62.7%), lower legs (52.1%) and hand/wrist (46.7%). Logistic regression indicated that nurses who undertook manual handling of patients were 7.2 times as likely to report MSS, while nurses suffering from periodic depression experienced a 3.3 fold MSS risk. Overall, the study suggests that Korean nurses incur a very high MSS burden when compared internationally. A greater commitment is needed to improve physical conditions and psychosocial work issues among nurses in the country.

Descriptors (primary): hospitals; musculoskeletal diseases; nursing personnel.
Descriptors (secondary): Korea, Republic of; backache; depressive neurosis; frequency rates; hand; lower extremities; manual handling; neck disorders; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; stress factors; symptoms; women.

CIS 06-1236

St-Vincent M., Denis D., Trudeau R., Imbeau D.: Retail business - Phase II: Ergonomic analysis of materials handling and customer service activities in warehouse superstores (FR: Commerce de détail - Phase II : Analyse ergonomique des activités de manutention et de service à la clientèle dans des magasins-entrepôts de grande surface). Etudes et recherches R-441. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. viii, 109p. Illus. 26 ref. Price: CAD 10.70. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-89631-017-7. In French. (105569).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-441.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-1236.pdf

Studies indicate that workers in warehouse superstores are at risk of back pain related to materials handling activities. This study follows an earlier project carried out in a large warehouse store (see CIS 04-730), which produced a diagnostic model describing the main physical and psychosocial risk factors. The aim of the current project was to enhance this model in order to identify aspects specific to each type of store and those that can be generalized to businesses in this category. It was carried out in the form of job studies at six branches of a large chain of warehouse stores in Quebec. Findings are discussed, and several recommendations aimed at improving ergonomics and working conditions are proposed.

Descriptors (primary): Quebec; backache; materials handling; musculoskeletal diseases; warehouses.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; conditions of work; diagnosis; ergonomics; glossary; job study; report; risk factors.

CIS 06-984

Cail F., Aptel M.: Upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases - Risk factors in computer assisted design (CAD) and data entry (FR: Troubles musculosquelettiques du membre supérieur - Facteurs de risque en conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) et en saisie). DMT 104 TF 145. Documents pour le médecin du travail (ISSN 0339-6517), 3rd Quarter 2005, No.104, p.485-491. Illus. 26 ref. In French. (105327).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0984.pdf
FR: http://www.dmt-prevention.fr/inrs-pub/inrs01.nsf/IntranetObject-accesParReference/TF%20145/$File/TF145.pdf

This article describes the results of a study on risk factors for upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) in two types of computer work, namely computer-assisted design (CAD) and data entry. The study involved 30 male CAD workers and 26 female data entry workers. Data were collected by ergonomic analysis of activities, a questionnaire survey of symptoms, stress and psychosocial factors and biomechanical measurements. The level of complaints concerning MSDs was similar in both groups; there were more complaints for the right upper extremity than for the left. Complaints were related to anxiety in both groups and to time pressures in the CAD group. Results indicate the importance of the work context in workers' perception of their state of health.

Descriptors (primary): computer aided design; keyboard operations; musculoskeletal diseases; upper extremity disorders.
Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; ergonomic evaluation; man-computer interfaces; mental workload; questionnaire survey; risk factors; sex-linked differences; speed of work; stress factors; subjective assessment.

CIS 06-980

David G.C.: Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational Medicine (ISSN 0962-7480), May 2005, Vol.55, No.3, p.190-199. 70 ref. In English. (105379).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0980.pdf

This literature review describes the range of methods that have been developed for the assessment of exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The methods are categorized under three main headings: self-reports from workers; observational methods that include simple techniques for systematically recording workplace exposure or more advanced techniques using video recording or computer analysis; direct measurements using monitoring instruments that rely on sensors attached to the subject for the measurement of exposure variables at work. The choice of method depends on the task and the objectives of the study.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; exposure evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): computer applications; job study; literature survey; posture recording; subjective assessment.

CIS 06-979

Wahlström J.: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work. Occupational Medicine (ISSN 0962-7480), May 2005, Vol.55, No.3, p.168-176. Illus. 105 ref. In English. (105378).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0979.pdf

This literature review summarizes knowledge regarding ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders associated with computer work. A model of musculoskeletal disorders and computer work is proposed, which emphasizes the associations between work organization, psychosocial factors and mental stress on the one hand and physical demands and physical load on the other. It is hypothesized that perceived muscular tension is an early sign of musculoskeletal disorder, which arises as a result of organizational and psychosocial factors as well as from physical load and individual factors. Interventions aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders due to computer work should be directed at physical, ergonomic, organizational and psychosocial factors. Interventions should be carried out with management support and the active involvement of workers.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; man-computer interfaces; musculoskeletal diseases; psychology of work organization.
Descriptors (secondary): conditions of work; literature survey; mental stress; muscle contractor activity; work organization; work posture.

CIS 06-977

Rocha L.E., Glina D.M.R., Marinho M.F., Nakasato D.: Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call center operators of a bank in São Paulo, Brazil. Industrial Health (ISSN 0019-8366), Oct. 2005, Vol.43, No.4, p.637-646. 21 ref. In English. (105354).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0977.pdf
EN: http://www.h.jniosh.go.jp/en/indu_hel/2005/pdf/43-4-4.pdf

This study investigated risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call centre operators. Ergonomic work analysis was carried out, involving work observation and interviews. A total of 108 employees, mainly women, submitted self-administered questionnaires. Among female operators, the prevalence of symptoms of the neck and shoulder was 43% and of the wrist and hand was 39%. Risk factors associated with wrist and hand symptoms included inadequate height of table and answering more that 140 calls day. Risk factors associated with neck and shoulder symptoms were taking fewer rest breaks and inadequate thermal comfort.

Descriptors (primary): call centres; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; women.
Descriptors (secondary): Brazil; cervicobrachial syndrome; equipment layout; hand; mental workload; questionnaire survey; shoulder; speed of work; stress factors; subjective assessment; symptoms; thermal environment; workbreaks; wrist.

CIS 06-806

Palliser C.R., Firth H.M., Feyer A.M., Paulin S.M.: Musculoskeletal discomfort and work-related stress in New Zealand dentists. Work and Stress (ISSN 0267-8373), Oct.-Dec. 2005, Vol.19, No.4, p.351-359. 49 ref. In English. (105391).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0806.pdf

This cross-sectional questionnaire survey on stressors, psychological distress and musculoskeletal symptoms was carried out among a random sample of 413 New Zealand dentists. The average age of the dentists was 43 years, with 74% being male. The annual prevalence of symptoms was 63% for both the lower back and the neck and 49% for the shoulders. Older dentists were no more likely to suffer musculoskeletal discomfort than younger dentists. The most cited dentistry-specific stressor was "patients having a medical emergency", while "mental demands" was the most cited general work-related stressor. One-fifth of the dentists scored highly for psychological disturbance, which was very similar to the general population. Dentists with high scores for dentistry-specific work-related stressors were more likely to have evidence of psychological disturbance.

Descriptors (primary): New Zealand; dental services; musculoskeletal diseases; stress factors.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; cross-sectional study; mental health; mental stress; mental workload; neck disorders; neuropsychic stress; questionnaire survey; shoulder.

CIS 06-802

Butterfill C.: Nursing the invisible wounds. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), Sep. 2005, Vol.23, No.9, p.56-58. Illus. 3 ref. In English. (105270).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0802.pdf

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) represent the most important cause of self-reported illness in the United Kingdom. In 2003-2004, approximately 1.1 million persons believed that they suffered from MSDs caused or exacerbated by their present or past work, while in the European Union, as many as 40 million workers are believed to be affected by MSDs. Topics addressed by this article on MSDs caused by occupational factors: number of persons affected and resulting costs; why MSDs occur; developing an enterprise MSD policy; risk factors; controlling the risks (job rotation, warm-up exercises for workers involved in manual handling tasks, training and instruction, role of management).

Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; musculoskeletal diseases; plant safety and health organization.
Descriptors (secondary): European Union; economic aspects; manual handling; physical fitness programmes; risk factors; role of management; transfer to other work.

CIS 06-797

Waters T., Genaidy A., Deddens J., Barriera-Viruet H.: Lower back disorders among forklift operators: An emerging occupational health problem?. American Journal of Industrial Medicine (ISSN 0271-3586), Apr. 2005, Vol.47, No.4, p.333-340. Illus. 18 ref. In English. (105393).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0797.pdf

Most studies focusing on the occupational hazards associated with forklift operation have examined risks of fatalities and traumatic injuries. Few studies have examined the magnitude of risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This literature survey reviews epidemiological studies conducted on forklift operators in relation to MSDs. Findings suggest that forklift operators are at increased risk of lower back pain. Further studies are needed, however, to determine the magnitude of risk both for lower back pain and for neck pain. Furthermore, a full exposure assessment of physical and non-physical factors is needed.

Descriptors (primary): backache; drivers; fork-lift trucks; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): epidemiological aspects; exposure evaluation; literature survey.

CIS 06-728

Ménard P., Béchard D.: Active micropauses: An efficient preventive measure! (FR: Les micropauses actives: une prévention efficace!). Travail et santé (ISSN 0829-0369), Sep. 2005, Vol.21, No.3, p.47-48. Illus. 5 ref. In French. (105035).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0728.pdf

Micropauses consist of short periods of rest following a certain time or amount worked. Active micropauses involve moving or stretching during micropauses. The main beneficial effect of active micropauses is the reduced risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders or discomfort. The length of a micropause should be at least 20 to 30 seconds, and micropauses should be taken every 20 to 30 minutes. They need to be suited to the specifics of the tasks and the individuals. For visually-demanding tasks, ocular micropauses that involve focusing on a distant point for 30 seconds at regular intervals are advised. The article summarizes the findings of a study confirming the beneficial effects of a software application that encourages users of computers to follow micropauses.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; office work; workbreaks.
Descriptors (secondary): visual fatigue; visual tasks; work posture.

CIS 06-724

Holmström E., Ahlborg B.: Morning warming-up exercise - Effects on musculoskeletal fitness in construction workers. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), July 2005, Vol.36, No.4, p.513-519. 30 ref. In English. (105229).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0724.pdf

This study investigated the effects of a three-month programme of 10-min warming-up exercises performed every morning by building site workers. Thirty workers participated in the programme and 17 construction workers at other building sites served as controls. Muscle stretchability, joint flexibility, muscle strength and endurance were measured before and after the programme. The results indicate that a short dose of morning warming-up exercise could be beneficial for increasing or maintaining joint and muscle flexibility and muscle endurance for workers exposed to manual material handling and strenuous working positions.

Descriptors (primary): construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases; physical fitness programmes.
Descriptors (secondary): heavy work; manual handling; muscular strength; physical fitness; physical workload; programme evaluation.

CIS 06-692

Hagberg M., Thiringer G., Brandström L.: Incidence of tinnitus, impaired hearing and musculoskeletal disorders among students enroled in academic music education - A retrospective cohort study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (ISSN 0340-0131), Aug. 2005, Vol.78, No.7, p.575-583. Illus. 17 ref. In English. (105009).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0692.pdf

This study examined the incidence of tinnitus, impaired hearing and musculoskeletal disorders among musicians and investigated the relationship with the number of practising hours and instrument type. Subjects consisted of music students enrolled between the years 1980 and 1995 in the music school of a Swedish university. A questionnaire on exposure and symptoms was answered by 407 of the 602 eligible students. The highest incidence of symptoms was found for reported tinnitus. There was also a relationship between the number of hours of instrumental practice and incidence of impaired hearing. Among the musculoskeletal symptoms, the highest incidences were pain in the neck and in the left shoulder. Incidences of symptoms of the left and right hand, elbow, forearm and shoulder are discussed as a function of the number of hours of weekly practice and instrument played.

Descriptors (primary): hearing loss; musculoskeletal diseases; musicians; risk factors; tinnitus.
Descriptors (secondary): Sweden; cohort study; length of exposure; long-term study; questionnaire survey; symptoms; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 06-595

Roberge B., Baril M., Bariteau C.: Hazards in hazardous waste management facilities - What is the current situation? (FR: Des risques dans les centres de transferts des matières dangereuses résiduelles - Qu'en est-il?). Travail et santé (ISSN 0829-0369), Sep. 2005, Vol.21, No.3, p.14-17. 7 ref. In French. (105031).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0595.pdf

Industry generally provides for the disposal of hazardous wastes in specialized centres. Persons working in these centres are exposed to various health hazards. This article describes this industry in Quebec, Canada based on visits made to six of these centres. It describes the centres, the processes they use and the risks and hazards to workers due to chemical, physical ergonomic and safety-related factors. Workplace layouts were found to be designed primarily to satisfy productivity and flexibility requirements rather than ergonomics, leading to risks of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational accidents.

Descriptors (primary): Quebec; disposal of harmful waste; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; chemical hazards; equipment layout; mechanical hazards; physical hazards; safe layout; safety by design.

CIS 06-561

Aublet-Cuvelier A.: Upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques du membre supérieur). INRS ED 5031. Travail et sécurité (ISSN 0373-1944), Nov. 2005, No.656, insert 6p. Illus. 20 ref. In French. (105040).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0561.pdf

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) represent the most important category of compensated occupational disease in France, and their costs continue to escalate. This information note concerns upper extremity MSDs (UE-MSDs), involving the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist or hand. Contents: definitions and statistics of MSDs; principal risk factors; implementation of preventive measures; legislation and regulations; research by the French national occupational safety and health institute (INRS) and its partner institutions.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; upper extremity disorders.
Descriptors (secondary): France; legal aspects; public OSH institutions; stress factors.

CIS 06-490

Devereux J.: The link in the strain. Safety and Health Practitioner (ISSN 0958-479X), June 2005, Vol.23, No.6, p.41-44. Illus. 6 ref. In English. (104926).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0490.pdf

This article summarizes the findings of a three-year study on the link between stress and musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and describes a six-point approach that could enable organizations to limit the occurrence of both problems. The study involved a series of questionnaire surveys, interviews, video recordings and clinical examinations. Findings show that organizations need to focus on employees and have systems in place to react to the effects and causes of excessive physical and mental stressors. Recommendations aimed at helping reduce work-related stress and MSDs are presented in the form of a six-point action plan.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; stress factors.
Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; mental stress; physical workload; speed of work; stress studies.

CIS 06-478

Gallagher S.: Physical limitations and musculoskeletal complaints associated with work in unusual or restricted postures: A literature review. Journal of Safety Research (ISSN 0022-4375), 2005, Vol.36, No.1, p.51-61. Illus. 50 ref. In English. (104923).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0478.pdf

Workers such as underground miners, aircraft baggage handlers, plumbers, agricultural workers and mechanics are often required to adopt postures such as kneeling, stooping, squatting or lying down for significant periods of the workday. A literature search was performed on the physical capabilities of workers in these postures and the musculoskeletal epidemiology associated with these postures. It was found that work in unusual and restricted postures was associated with significantly higher rates of musculoskeletal complaints compared to workers not adopting these postures (Odds Ratios ranging from 1.13 to 13). Some studies suggested a dose-response relationship, with longer exposures leading to increased musculoskeletal complaints. Physical strength and psychophysical lifting capacity vary significantly as unusual or restricted postures are adopted, with lower lifting capacities evident in the kneeling, squatting, and lying positions.

Descriptors (primary): muscular strength; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work posture.
Descriptors (secondary): dose-response relationship; kneeling posture; lifting strength; literature survey; lying posture; manual handling; manual lifting; squatting posture.

CIS 06-468

Forde M.S., Punnett L., Wegman D.H.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in union ironworkers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (ISSN 1545-9624), Apr. 2005, Vol.2, No.4, p.203-212. Illus. 21 ref. In English. (104941).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0468.pdf

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms and doctor-diagnosed MSDs (DDMDs) was estimated among 981 union construction ironworkers by a telephone-administered questionnaire and medical examinations respectively. The prevalence of self-reported MSD symptoms was high for the lower back (56%), wrist/hands/fingers (40%), knees (39%) and shoulders (36%). The most common DDMDs were tendonitis (19%), ruptured disk in the back (18%), bursitis in the shoulder (15%) and carpal tunnel syndrome (12%). Generally, the prevalence of DDMDs and MSD symptoms increased with duration of employment. The effect of prior injury was also consistently high. Among workers without prior injuries, MSD symptoms were more frequent for the lower back in structural ironwork, and for the upper extremity in concrete reinforcement ironwork. These findings suggest that some musculoskeletal morbidity in construction ironworkers may be work-related and thus preventable.

Descriptors (primary): concrete formwork; construction industry; musculoskeletal diseases; structural steel work.
Descriptors (secondary): USA; backache; bursitis; carpal-tunnel syndrome; diagnosis; knee lesions; questionnaire survey; risk factors; shoulder; slipped disc; subjective assessment; symptoms; tendinitis; upper extremity disorders.

CIS 06-322

Veiersted K.B., Vik T.: Working conditions and health complaints among forest machine operators in north compared to central Europe (RU: Sravnitel'nyj analiz uslovij truda i sostojanija zdorov'ja operatorov ma¹in v lesnoj promy¹lennosti severnoj i central'noj Evropy). Barents - Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety (ISSN 1455-8459), 2005, Vol.8, No.1, p.13-16 (English); p.16-19 (Russian). Illus. 6 ref. In English, Russian. (104828).

EN: http://www.ttl.fi/NR/rdonlyres/CFBEB311-5F2E-4229-832F-F6392F545EE7/0/Barents_12005.pdf
XX: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0322.pdf

This article summarizes the main findings of a European Union funded project aimed at analysing the working conditions and the state of health of machinery operators in the logging industry. It focuses on comparing the findings for a cross-sectional sample of 129 operators in Nordic countries with those of 229 operators in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Poland. The most common musculoskeletal complaints in both groups were neck and low back pain. Topics addressed: workers' age and years of work; working conditions; health aspects; sickness absenteeism and sick presence; future plans for improving working conditions.

Descriptors (primary): conditions of work; logging; logging equipment; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): France; Germany; Norway; Poland; Sweden; United Kingdom; backache; comparative study; questionnaire survey; sickness absenteeism; state of health; symptoms; work organization.

CIS 06-314

Gauthy R.: Musculoskeletal disorders: Where we are, and where we could be (FR: Les troubles musculo-squelettiques: état de la question et perspectives d'action). HESA Newsletter (ISSN 1815-3615), June 2005, No.27, p.22-27. 5 ref. In English, French. (104792).

EN: http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/uk/newsletter/files/Newsletter27p22-27.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0314en.pdf
FR: http://hesa.etui-rehs.org/fr/newsletter/files/Newsletter27p22-27.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0314fr.pdf

Review article on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Europe. Topics addressed: object, scope and definitions; epidemiological aspects; failure of existing preventive measures; list of European preventive instruments; suggested improvements in legislation and other instruments to stem the growth of MSDs in Europe.

Descriptors (primary): European Communities; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): epidemiological aspects; legal aspects; national organization; risk factors.

CIS 06-237

First French-speaking congress on upper extremity MSDs (FR: 1er congrès francophone sur les TMS du membre supérieur). Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, 2005. CD-ROM. In French. (104732).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0237.pdf

Proceedings of a conference on upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) held in Nancy, France, 30-31 May 2005. The objective of the programme was to describe the current state of scientific progress and research prospects on the subject. Topics addressed: enterprise surveillance methods; the role of work organization; return to work of persons with MSDs; body mechanics; psychosocial factors; identification of successful interventions; recent methods and tools for prevention; research in other countries; economic aspects.

Descriptors (primary): France; musculoskeletal diseases; research; upper extremity disorders.
Descriptors (secondary): CD-ROM; body mechanics; conference; economic aspects; ergonomics; medical supervision; rehabilitation; social aspects; work organization.

CIS 06-228

Polanyi M.F., Cole D.C., Ferrier S.E., Facey M.: Paddling upstream: A contextual analysis of implementation of a workplace ergonomic policy at a large newspaper. Applied Ergonomics (ISSN 0003-6870), Mar. 2005, Vol.36, No.2, p.231-239. Illus. 31 ref. In English. (104728).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0228.pdf

Efforts to implement workplace ergonomic programs aimed at reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) have to address multiple physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments, yet contextual factors often limit their success. This article describes the processes involved in an ergonomic program to reduce neck and upper limb WMSDs at a large Canadian newspaper. Using qualitative data collection and analysis methods, the impacts of key contextual characteristics are illustrated, including those relating to the programme (management commitment, union involvement, experience and skill of programme leaders, researcher involvement), the organization (drive for productivity, management control, organizational culture) and the broader social context (economic climate, nature of newspaper work, technology and nature of WMSD).

Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; implementation of control measures; journalism; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; role of management; role of workers' organizations; work organization; workers' participation.

CIS 05-738

Denis D., St-Vincent M., Jetté C., Nastasia I., Imbeau D.: Intervention practices for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders: A critical review of the literature (FR: Les pratiques d'intervention portant sur la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques: un bilan critique de la littérature). Bilan de connaissances B-066. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. v, 67p. Illus. 107 ref. Price: CAD 10.70. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22733-X. In French. (104448).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/B-066.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0738.pdf

Many ergonomic interventions have been carried out over the last 20 years to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the workplace. This report summarizes and documents the aspects that contribute to the improvement of MSD prevention practices. A database of English and French publications was compiled. Five main categories of information were collected: steps in the intervention process used, general context, changes implemented, processes for accompanying the changes and the authors' comments on the dynamics of the intervention process in the company. Analysis of this data provides a picture of the major categories of intervention processes used in prevention and a critical evaluation of their use. New areas of research are proposed in order to better equip professionals dealing with MSD problems in their specific sectors of activity.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; workplace design.
Descriptors (secondary): ergonomic evaluation; implementation of control measures; literature survey; programme evaluation; report; safety by design.

CIS 05-737

Bellemare M., Trudel L., Ledoux E., Montreuil S., Marier M., Laberge M., Godi M.J.: Integration of MSD prevention in designing a layout: The case of public libraries (FR: Intégration de la prévention des TMS dès la conception d'un aménagement : le cas des bibliothèques publiques). Etudes et Recherches R-395. Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2005. x, 111p. Illus. 48 ref. + CD-ROM. Price: CAD 16.00. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22684-8. In French. (104410).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-395.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0737.pdf

Musculoskeletal disorders are common among library clerks, owing to prolonged static postures, repeated movements, the use of computer tools and manual handling tasks. This report summarizes the development of an ergonomic model that allows intervention during the design of workplace layouts so as to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Relationships between work activities in a library and various risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders were established and the impact of choices made during two library layout projects on the appearance of such injuries is documented. The results of the study can help library managers and personnel, ergonomists and municipal occupational health and safety specialists in choosing equipment and layouts that take into account the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomics; libraries; musculoskeletal diseases; workplace design.
Descriptors (secondary): equipment layout; manual handling; repetitive work; report; risk factors; work posture.

CIS 05-496

Parkes K.R., Carnell S., Farmer E.: Musculo-skeletal disorders, mental health and the work environment. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 316. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. iv, 59p. Illus. 71 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2964-3. In English. (104052).

EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr316.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0496.pdf

The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence, severity and psychosocial risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among male employees in the oil and gas sector in the United Kingdom. 321 workers of this industry having participated in a previous survey five years earlier responded to the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Low-back pain showed the highest 12-month prevalence (51%). Psychological distress and physical workload factors were the most significant direct predictors of MSDs, while anxiety and lack of social support were significant factors in predicting changes in the prevalence of MSDs over a five-year period.

Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; conditions of work; mental health; musculoskeletal diseases; petroleum and natural gas industry; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): anxiety; backache; frequency rates; lumbar column; male workers; physical workload; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; report; severity rates; social aspects; subjective assessment.

CIS 05-486

David G., Woods V., Buckle P.: Further development of the usability and validity of the Quick Exposure Check (QEC). Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report RR 211. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. v, 36p. Illus. Bibl.ref. Price: GBP 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2825-6. In English. (104231).

EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr211.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0486.pdf

Improvements to the QEC method for assessing the exposure of workers to musculoskeletal risk factors were made using a participatory approach with input from health and safety practitioners and ergonomics experts. Experienced users were interviewed to explore the usability, strengths and weaknesses of the QEC and an improved version of the QEC and Reference Guide was tested with practitioners. Revisions based on these trials have provided an improved QEC, Reference Guide and on-line resource.

Descriptors (primary): ergonomic evaluation; exposure evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; description of technique; motion study; report; work posture.

CIS 05-429

Powell S., Davies A., Bunn J., Bethea D.: The effects of thermal environments on the risks associated with manual handling. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 337. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. x, 105p. Illus. 99 ref. Price: GBP 25.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2995-3. In English. (104215).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0429.pdf
EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr337.pdf

Manual handling injuries are a major occupational health problem. The risk factors associated with manual handling in hot and cold environments were identified as a gap in knowledge under the HSE's priority programme for musculoskeletal disorders (MDS's). At present, the manual handling guidance does not offer specific guidance regarding manual handling in non-neutral thermal environments other than to say that extremes of temperature and humidity should be avoided. Two experiments were designed to assess the effects of non-neutral thermal environments on manual handling. For the purposes of this study, a cold environment was defined as between 0-10°C (44-60% relative humidity) and a hot environment as between 29-39°C (25-72% relative humidity). The results and implications of this experimental work are discussed.

Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; cold workplaces; hot workplaces; manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): extreme temperatures; measurement of work and effort; public OSH institutions; report; research; strain injuries.

CIS 05-318

Burton A.K., Bartys S., Wright I.A., Main C.J.: Obstacles to recovery from musculoskeletal disorders in industry. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report 323. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2005. viii, 73p. Illus. 104 ref. Price: GBP 15.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2975-9. In English. (104212).

EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr323.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0318.pdf

A four-year study on musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) was carried out in two phases: a workforce survey of a large multi-site company in the United Kingdom followed by a controlled trial of an occupational guidelines-based intervention protocol for workers with MSDs, focusing on obstacles to recovery and return-to-work. Results confirmed a general association between the psychosocial work environment and MSDs. Psychosocial risk factors predicted the likelihood of future absence, but not its duration; therefore routine psychosocial screening to predict return-to-work time may have limited value. Implementation of an early proactive occupational health protocol (psychosocial intervention and a supportive network) was a successful strategy for reducing absence due to MSDs, for both return-to-work time and future work-loss.

Descriptors (primary): United Kingdom; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; sickness absenteeism; social aspects.
Descriptors (secondary): occupational psychology; prediction; report.

CIS 06-488

Macdonald W.: Workload, stress and psychosocial factors as hazards for musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand (ISSN 0815-6409), Feb. 2004, Vol.20, No.1, p.37-47. Illus. 53 ref. In English. (104803).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0488.pdf

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) resulting from work-related cumulative trauma continue to constitute a substantial problem in many workplaces. It is argued that current countermeasures address only one part of the problem because they usually fail to take adequate account of the important role of psychosocial and psychological stress factors as MSD risk factors. The nature and role of these risk factors are described in terms of an ergonomics model of work-related MSD risk. Key elements of the model are job demands, psychosocial factors, mental workload and stress. The empirical basis for this model is outlined, and the findings of studies on physiological mechanisms by which stress can increase the risk of MSDs are discussed. Based on this model, more effective management strategies to control non-physical MSD risk factors are identified.

Descriptors (primary): mental workload; musculoskeletal diseases; psychology and sociology; risk factors; stress factors.
Descriptors (secondary): ergonomics; mental stress; psychology of work organization.

CIS 06-476

Newell T.M., Kumar S.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among orthodontists in Alberta. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Feb. 2004, Vol.33, No.2, p.99-107. Illus. 16 ref. In English. (104839).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2006/06-0476.pdf

In a survey of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental professionals, a standardized Nordic questionnaire was mailed out to all registered orthodontists in Alberta, Canada. There was a 52.4% response rate from a sample of 61. Results showed low back trouble to be the most prevalent MSD (59%), followed by neck (56%) and shoulder trouble (47%). There were no significant differences in MSD prevalence between men and women and no correlations existed between age, years of work and number of hours of practice per week. It is suggested that further attention should be directed towards risk factors and ergonomic intervention.

Descriptors (primary): Alberta; dental services; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; ergonomics; frequency rates; questionnaire survey.

CIS 05-733

Kumar S., Moro L., Narayan Y.: Morbidity among X-ray technologists. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics (ISSN 0169-8141), Jan. 2004, Vol.33, No.1, p.29-40. 21 ref. In English. (104392).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0733.pdf

A questionnaire survey of occupational and non-occupational health factors was carried out among a random sample of 20 volunteer X-ray technologists from two University hospitals. Participants were from 20 to 53 years of age and 89% were physically active. Despite their relatively young age and active lifestyle, they suffered from significant and diverse musculoskeletal problems. Eighty three percent had backache, 39% of female respondents had neck pain and 28% has shoulder pain. The pain was aggravated by work activities and relieved by rest, massage, the application of heat or ice and exercise. Most suffered multiple episodes of pain and half of the female sample suffered from upper extremity pain.

Descriptors (primary): Canada; health care personnel; hospitals; morbidity; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; neck disorders; sex-linked differences; shoulder; symptoms; upper extremity disorders; x-ray equipment.

CIS 05-487

Cleaning and disinfection. Knives that retain their cutting properties for reducing MSDs (FR: Nettoyage et désinfection. Un couteau qui garde son pouvoir de coupe pour réduire les TMS). INRS ED 939. Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, 30 rue Olivier-Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14, France, Dec. 2004. 19p. Illus. 10 ref. Price: EUR 4.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 2-7389-1262-1. In French. (104064).

FR: http://www.inrs.fr/INRS-PUB/inrs01.nsf/inrs01_search_view_view/E34A26EB5132707EC1256F6D004DDD67/$FILE/ed939.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0487.pdf

The importance of knife sharpness on reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders is well known: when knives don't cut well, tasks require more time, more cuts are needed and cuts are less precise. Workers are forced to adopt gestures that are detrimental to their health. In order to maintain the cutting properties of knives over time, it is important that they be sharpened at regular intervals by suitably trained persons. However, proper sharpening is possible only if the knives are sufficiently cleaned and disinfected. This booklet explains how to ensure that the cutting properties of knives are not impaired by cleaning and disinfection operations.

Descriptors (primary): France; disinfection of equipment; hand knives; meat industry; musculoskeletal diseases.
Descriptors (secondary): safety guides; speed of work; work posture.

CIS 05-485

Loisel P., Durand M.J., Baril R., Langley A., Falardeau M.: Decision-making to facilitate a return to work - Exploratory study of aspects of decision-making in an interdisciplinary work rehabilitation team (FR: Décider pour faciliter le retour au travail - Etude exploratoire sur les dimensions de la prise de décision dans une équipe interdisciplinaire de réadaptation au travail). Etudes et Recherches R-393. Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. ix, 48p. Illus. 37 ref. Price: CAD 6.42. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22643-0. In French. (104083).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0485.pdf
FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-393.pdf

Therapeutic return to work, an innovative approach to the case management of workers suffering from musculoskeletal disorders, is based on interaction and consensual dialogue among many specialists, including an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, workplace stakeholders, workers themselves and attending physicians. While several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of such a global approach, the decision-making processes underlying the achievement of consensus have not been clearly established. The objective of this research project was to conduct a case study of this complex decision-making process and to identify the strategies most likely to ensure the success of therapeutic return to work. Different models of decision-making were developed and a system of ten values on which the team is based was identified, the most important one being partnership.

Descriptors (primary): assessment of working capacity; musculoskeletal diseases; rehabilitation.
Descriptors (secondary): Canada; case study; cooperation; report.

CIS 05-472

Gunatilaka A.: Collecting shopping trolleys: A manual handling injury concern. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand (ISSN 0815-6409), Oct.2004, Vol.20, No.5, p.433-440. Illus. 16 ref. In English. (104027).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0472.pdf

Shopping trolley collection was observed at six shopping centres. These observations showed that some collectors use possibly unsafe practices in nesting and moving columns of trolleys. To assess whether these practices could lead to manual handling injuries, a series of experiments were conducted. The forces encountered in two observed methods of nesting trolleys were measured and compared. The initial and sustained push forces required to move columns of up to 10 shopping trolleys were measured on the flat asphalt surface of a shopping centre car park. The push forces required to move larger numbers of nested trolleys were estimated using regression analysis. Pushing more than 13 nested trolleys was found to exceed recommended push forces and, hence, could lead to manual handling injury.

Descriptors (primary): manual handling; musculoskeletal diseases; pushing tasks; risk factors; supermarkets.
Descriptors (secondary): ergonomics; job study; pushing strength; statistical evaluation; unsafe practices.

CIS 05-314

Del Prado-Lu J. L.: Risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric measurements of Filipino manufacturing workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2004, Vol.10, No.4, p.349-359. Illus. 15 ref. In English. (104224).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0314.pdf

This study investigated the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 were surveyed by means of questionnaires. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, problems in daily living activities were seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk pain and low back pain were experienced by 23.8%. Workers were 29 times more likely to develop low back pain when standing for 2-8 hrs a day than when sitting throughout. Anthropometry can be a useful tool for the design of workstations and work furniture.

Descriptors (primary): Philippines; anthropometry; manufacturing industries; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; work posture.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; cross-sectional study; lower extremities; lumbar column; questionnaire survey; symptoms; upper extremities.

CIS 05-310

Choobineh A., Lahmi M., Hosseini M., Shahnavaz H., Jazani R. K.: Workstation design in carpet hand-weaving operation: Guidelines for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (ISSN 1080-3548), 2004, Vol.10, No.4, p.411-424. Illus. 35 ref. In English. (104229).

EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0310.pdf

Carpet weavers suffer from musculoskeletal problems mainly attributable to poor working postures and poor workstation design. This study investigated the effects of two workstation design parameters (weaving height and seat type) on postural variables and subjective experience. Guidelines were developed for workstation adjustments. At an adjustable experimental workstation, 30 professional weavers worked under nine different conditions. Working posture and weavers' perceptions were recorded. It was found that head, neck and shoulder postures were influenced by weaving height, while both weaving height and seat type influenced trunk and elbow postures. The determinant factor for weavers' perception on the neck, shoulders and elbows was found to be weaving height, and on the back and knees it was seat type. Based on the results, it was proposed that weaving height should be adjusted to 20cm above elbow height and that a 10° forward-sloping high seat should be used.

Descriptors (primary): carpet weaving; comfort assessment; ergonomic evaluation; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; workplace design.
Descriptors (secondary): Iran, Islamic Republic of; job study; sitting posture; small enterprises; subjective assessment; textile industry; work posture.

CIS 05-297

Ach-Bensa D., Régnard P.J.: Hypothenar hammer syndrome - Case of a floor tile layer (FR: Syndrome du marteau hypoténarien - A propos d'un cas chez un solier carreleur). Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail (ISSN 1250-3274), Dec. 2004, Vol.65, No.7-8, p.590-600. Illus. 40 ref. In French. (104074).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0297.pdf

Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a vascular acrosyndrome of the upper limb occurring in persons using their hypothenar eminence (the palm of the hand) as a hammer in the course of their occupational or leisure activities. These trauma can result in ulnar artery thrombosis or aneurysm. The case of a bilateral thrombosed aneurysm of the ulnar artery in a floor tile layer is reported. Early detection, medical and technical prevention and modes of identification are problematic. The Doppler technique highlights both aneurysms and the diagnosis can be confirmed by arteriography. The prevalence of these arthropathies is probably underestimated because of the absence of specificity of the clinical signs and the inconstant character of the clinical repercussion of ulnar arterial thrombosis. The building professions are particularly exposed. During consultation, systematic Allen testing of exposed employees and more frequent Doppler arterial echography of the upper limb would be useful in the early detection of this pathology. Priority should be given to prevention and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment should become more widespread.

Descriptors (primary): building industry; flooring; hand; musculoskeletal diseases; repetitive strain injury.
Descriptors (secondary): aneurysm; arteriography; case study; diagnosis; symptoms.

CIS 05-119

Chaney C., Le Pache J., Aucour C., Alcouffe J., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y.: Trends in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among women supermarket cashiers before and after the reorganization of the job (phases 1 and 2) (FR: Evolution des plaintes musculosquelettiques (TMS) chez les hôtesses de caisse avant et après réorganisation des postes (phases 1 et 2)). Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle (ISSN 0007-9936), 2004, Vol.44, No.2, p.181-196. 32 ref. In French. (103795).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0119.pdf

In this case-control study, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) of supermarket cashiers were evaluated before and one year after changing the type of supermarket till. The study involved an ergonomic survey and an epidemiological survey of cases (workers in the supermarket with the new tills) and controls (workers at a supermarket of the same chain but without change of tills), during 2001 and 2002. 226 questionnaires were analysed in 2001 (113 cases and 113 controls) and 190 in 2002 (109 cases and 81 controls). Changes in till type resulted in lower levels of MSDs of the neck and upper back, and lower frequencies of MSDs of the right shoulder. Besides a change in equipment, improvements in training and support by management and colleagues also contributed to the reduced incidence of MSDs among this group of workers.

Descriptors (primary): cashiers and ticket clerks; ergonomics; musculoskeletal diseases; supermarkets; women; workplace design.
Descriptors (secondary): backache; case-control study; comparative study; equipment layout; ergonomic evaluation; job study; neck disorders; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; shoulder; subjective assessment.

CIS 05-98

Neto A, de Souza Uva A., Cunha Miranda L.: Occupational rheumatic disorders (PT: Doenças reumáticas ligadas ao trabalho). Instituto de Desenvolvimento e Inspecção das Condições de Trabalho (IDICT), Lisboa, Portugal, [c2004]. CD-Rom (needs Pentium II 233Mhz, Windows 95/98/ME, 2000 or XP, RAM 32Mb, graphic card 800x600). In Portuguese. (103771).

PT: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2005/05-0098.pdf

Topics covered by this CD-ROM on occupational musculoskeletal disorders: classification of disorders; occupational risk factors; main pathologies; sectors of activity that can give rise to musculoskeletal disorders; diagnosis and prevention; recognition and compensation; occupational medicine; multidisciplinary interventions; future prospects.

Descriptors (primary): Portugal; musculoskeletal diseases; occupational diseases; risk factors.
Descriptors (secondary): CD-ROM; backache; classification; compensation of occupational diseases; diagnosis; ergonomics; legal aspects; lumbar column; plant safety and health organization.

CIS 04-568

Chaney C., Le Pache J., Aucour C., Alcouffe J., Manillier P., Montéléon P.Y.: Study of the musculoskeletal disease (MSD) risk factors in a population of 334 female supermarket cashiers in the Paris region (FR: Etude des facteurs de risque de troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) dans une population de 334 hôtesses de caisse de la région parisienne). Cahiers de médecine interprofessionnelle (ISSN 0007-9936), 2004, Vol.44, No.3, p.319-328. Illus. 28 ref. In French. (103511).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0568.pdf

The objective of this study was to highlight the risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) among retail sales cashiers in the Paris region. Work involved analysing the combined data from two surveys carried out in two hypermarkets of the same chain before and one year after the redesign of the tills. A numerical value for MSDs was computed according to the CAIL method developed by INRS. 334 women cashiers were divided into two groups of similar size (MSD+ and MSD-) according to whether their MSD value was above or below the median value. Statistical analysis enabled the highlighting of the following risk factors: overweight, feeling being exposed to cold, lack of variety in the job, unsatisfactory job performance evaluations, feeling under stress, personal and occupational worries and difficulties in communicating with colleagues and supervisors.

Descriptors (primary): cashiers, tellers and related clerks; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; supermarkets; women.
Descriptors (secondary): France; body weight; cash registers; cold workplaces; human relations; job dissatisfaction; non-occupational factors; psychology of work organization; questionnaire survey; repetitive work; stress factors; subjective assessment; symptoms.

CIS 04-561

Mrizek N.: Musculoskeletal diseases and work: Evaluation, disability and rehabilitation at work (FR: Troubles musculo-squelettiques et travail: évaluation, invalidité et réinsertion professionnelle). SST - Santé et Sécurité au Travail, Jan. 2004, No.28, p.20-26. Illus. 24 ref. In French. (103625).

FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0561.pdf

Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) constitute not only a health problem, but also an economic burden for workers, employers and insurance institutions. This article addresses aspects of evaluation, disability and rehabilitation of workers suffering from MSDs. Contents: definition of MSDs; magnitude of the problem; evaluation of the degree of disability; occupational rehabilitation; disability of persons suffering from MSDs; recognition of the occupational nature of MSDs and compensation (Tunisian regulatory framework, examples of Switzerland and the Netherlands).

Descriptors (primary): compensation of occupational diseases; cost of diseases; degree of disability; expertise; musculoskeletal diseases; rehabilitation; sickness absenteeism.
Descriptors (secondary): Netherlands; Switzerland; Tunisia; backache; legislation; occupational diseases; role of insurance institutions.

CIS 04-492

Devereux J., Rydstedt L., Kelly V., Weston P., Buckle P.: The role of work stress and psychological factors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Health and Safety Executive. HSE Research Report RR 273. HSE Books, P.O. Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA, United Kingdom, 2004. x, 139p. Illus. 79 ref. Price: GBP 20.00. Downloadable version free of charge. ISBN: 0-7176-2903-1. In English. (103376).

EN: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr273.pdf
EN: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0492.pdf

This study was conducted to establish the role of stress and other psychological factors on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. A prospective epidemiological cohort study design was chosen. This comprised a baseline cross-sectional study of 8000 workers drawn from 20 enterprises across 11 industrial sectors in the United Kingdom, 3139 of whom were then followed for 15 months. Baseline and follow-up data were collected by means of questionnaires. Work effort, unclear role definition and verbal abuse with clients or the public were the most important factors of perceived job stress. High perceived job stress was found to be an intermediate factor between high exposure to both physical and psychosocial work risk factors and self-reported low back, upper back and hand-wrist complaints.

Descriptors (primary): musculoskeletal diseases; psychology of work organization; risk factors; stress factors.
Descriptors (secondary): United Kingdom; backache; cohort study; hand injuries; mental workload; questionnaire survey; report; subjective assessment; violence; wrist lesions.

CIS 04-478

Shirazi-Adl A.: Evaluation of strain on the spine and risks of injury to tissues during industrial load lifting tasks: Role of posture (FR: Evaluation des efforts dans la colonne vertébrale et des risques de blessures des tissus au cours de tâches industrielles d'élévation de charges - Rôle de la posture). Etudes et recherches R-382. Institut de recherche en santé et en sécurité du travail du Québec (IRSST), 505 boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal (Quebec) H3A 3C2, Canada, 2004. 39p. Illus. 167 ref. Price: CAD 5.35. Downloadable version (PDF format) free of charge. ISBN: 2-551-22586-8. In French. (103478).

FR: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-382.pdf
FR: http://www.ilo.org/intranet/english/protection/safework/cis/database/orig/2004/04-0478.pdf

Although lifting of heavy loads has been associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back, there is little consensus on postures that are the most effective for avoiding injury. The aim of this research was to develop a kinematically- and kinetically-valid model of lifting that takes into account the relationship between active and passive spinal column systems and the effect of heavy loads on joints. The model allows to predict muscular force and sheds light on the effect and hazards of various lifting postures. It helps prevent injuries by establishing weight limits and optimal postures for lifting and providing information that improves the efficiency of therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions.

Descriptors (primary): manual lifting; musculoskeletal diseases; risk factors; spinal column; work posture.
Descriptors (secondary): body mechanics; electromyography; lumbar column; mathematical models; muscular work; permissible workload; posture recording; report.

CIS 04-477

Rugulies R., Braff J., Frank J.W., Aust B., Gillen M., Yen I.H., Bhatia R., Ames G., Gordon D., Gordon D.R., Janowitz I., Om