This study was commissioned by the International Labour Organization (ILO) under the technical assistance project for PMGSY with an objective to assess the impact of rural roads maintenance and to ascertain whether the benefits provided by the construction of the roads developed or not; and if the benefits do develop, whether these are sustained or not. This impact assessment study was carried out in one district each of Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh States covering two groups of sample units, rural roads which are maintained and in good operational conditions and rural roads which are not maintained and not in good condition. Households were interviewed; group discussions were conducted and based on the findings this report presents the impact of rural roads maintenance.